In the old greenhouse, one of the most significant issues is soil salinization, primarily caused by the prolonged and excessive use of chemical fertilizers by vegetable farmers. This problem is further exacerbated by the poor insulation of older greenhouses, which makes them vulnerable to root damage during the winter season. Therefore, when choosing fertilizers for winter use in these structures, it's essential to focus on options like microbial fertilizers, humic acid-based products, and water-soluble fertilizers. These alternatives can help reduce soil salinity and improve soil temperature, ultimately benefiting plant growth.
Biofertilizers are a great choice for older greenhouses. They help release fixed nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, enhancing its fertility. Their benefits are especially noticeable in aging structures where soil quality has deteriorated. To ensure that vegetables receive adequate nutrients, it's advisable for farmers to rotate between biofertilizers and compound fertilizers, combining the advantages of both.
Humic acid fertilizers are also highly recommended. Given the high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium already present in the soil of old greenhouses, these fertilizers can significantly increase the availability of phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. They work synergistically with these nutrients, allowing for a reduction in the amount of chemical fertilizer used—by approximately one-third. Common types of humic acid fertilizers used in vegetable farming include nitrohumic acid, ammonium humate, sodium humate, potassium humate, potassium nitro-humate, diammonium humate, and humic acid phosphate. Farmers can choose the most suitable option based on their specific needs.
Water-soluble fertilizers are another effective choice, especially during the winter months. They require smaller quantities—only about 10–15 kg per mu of land—and have an efficiency rate of up to 85%. These fertilizers provide essential nutrients to crops quickly and efficiently, making them ideal for use alongside biofertilizers. The composting method is also worth considering as a complementary approach to maintain soil health and nutrient balance.
By adopting these improved fertilization practices, farmers can not only mitigate the challenges posed by soil salinization but also promote sustainable and long-term agricultural productivity in their old greenhouses.
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