In the old greenhouse, one of the most significant issues is soil salinization. This problem is primarily caused by the long-term and excessive use of chemical fertilizers by vegetable farmers. Additionally, the old greenhouses often have poor insulation, making them more susceptible to root damage during winter. Therefore, when choosing fertilizers in winter, it's important to focus on options like microbial fertilizers, humic acid-based products, and water-soluble fertilizers. These alternatives can help reduce soil salinity and improve ground temperature, which is essential for plant health.
Biofertilizers are a great choice because they help release fixed nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, enhancing its fertility. In older greenhouses, where soil quality may have deteriorated, the benefits of using biofertilizers are even more noticeable. To ensure that vegetables receive adequate nutrients, it's recommended that farmers alternate between biofertilizers and compound fertilizers.
Humic acid fertilizers are also highly beneficial. Since the soil in old greenhouses tends to be rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, humic acid helps increase the efficiency of these nutrients, as well as some trace elements. It works synergistically with phosphorus and potassium, allowing for a reduction in the amount of chemical fertilizer used—by about one-third. Common types of humic acid fertilizers used in vegetable farming include nitrohumic acid, ammonium humate, sodium humate, potassium humate, potassium nitro-humate, diammonium humate, and humic acid phosphate. Farmers can choose from these options based on their specific needs.
Water-soluble fertilizers are another excellent option. They require smaller quantities—only 10–15 kg per mu of land—and have a high nutrient utilization rate of up to 85%. These fertilizers can effectively supply crops with the necessary nutrients and are particularly useful during winter. Combining water-soluble fertilizers with biofertilizers is a promising approach that supports both crop growth and soil health.
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