Earthquake, earthquake prevention knowledge quiz 11 questions

1. What is the seismic fortification requirement?

The seismic fortification requirement refers to the set of standards and technical guidelines that construction projects must follow, as established or approved by the State Council’s earthquake administrative department. These requirements are determined based on various factors such as seismic geology, local seismic activity, site conditions, the importance of the project, acceptable risk levels, economic feasibility, and safety goals. They define the probability level of an earthquake that a building should be designed to withstand, including specific ground motion parameters. These parameters serve as the basis for ensuring the seismic safety of the structure.

2. How does the conclusion of the earthquake safety evaluation work for the construction site take effect?

The conclusions from an earthquake safety evaluation must be submitted to the provincial or municipal earthquake authorities for approval, depending on the project's management authority. Once reviewed and approved by the national or provincial earthquake safety assessment committee, these conclusions become official and serve as the basis for seismic design in the construction project.

3. How do people in the building respond to the earthquake?

When an earthquake occurs, staying calm and assessing the situation quickly is crucial. Avoid panicking and jumping out of buildings. Instead, seek shelter under sturdy furniture, in corners, or away from kitchens and bathrooms with large load-bearing walls. These areas tend to offer better protection due to their structural integrity. By evaluating the layout of the building and identifying safe spaces, individuals can minimize the risk of injury during an earthquake.

4. How to maintain the earthquake monitoring facilities?

According to the "Regulations on Earthquake Preparedness and Mitigation of Heilongjiang Province," no individual or organization may damage or interfere with seismic monitoring equipment without authorization. Local earthquake departments, in cooperation with public security, land, and planning agencies, are responsible for defining the protected area around these facilities, setting up warning signs, and informing the public about the rules to protect them.

5. What are the principles of emergency protection during an earthquake?

Emergency protection involves taking immediate action to avoid danger before the earthquake strikes and safely evacuating afterward. The key is to adapt your response based on your surroundings and available resources, making quick but informed decisions to ensure personal safety.

6. Do you know which three earthquake activity belts are in the world?

There are three major global earthquake belts: (1) The Circum-Pacific Seismic Belt, located around the Pacific Ocean, where about 80% of earthquakes occur. (2) The Eurasian Seismic Belt, stretching across Europe, Asia, and Africa, accounting for about 15% of global earthquakes. (3) The Mid-Ocean Ridge Seismic Zone, found along underwater mountain ranges in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

7. What is the legal responsibility for violating the requirements for earthquake protection in the “Large Earthquake Prevention and Mitigation Law of the People's Republic of China”?

If a construction unit fails to conduct an earthquake safety evaluation or does not follow the seismic fortification requirements, the relevant earthquake administration department may order corrections and impose fines ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 yuan.

8. What type of house is safe?

While modern homes like penthouses and split-level designs offer comfort and aesthetics, flat houses generally provide better seismic resistance. Their simpler structures and even weight distribution make them more resilient during earthquakes.

9. How to shock the school staff?

During an earthquake, school staff must remain calm and lead students effectively. In areas with earthquake warnings, teachers should educate students about safety measures and plan evacuation routes. After the quake, they should guide students to evacuate in an orderly manner, advising them to take cover under desks or in sturdy rooms, and never to run or jump.

10. What are the requirements for seismic fortification requirements for construction projects?

New or renovated buildings must meet seismic fortification standards. Major projects, those that could cause secondary disasters, and important structures must undergo earthquake safety evaluations. Other projects use seismic motion parameter maps to determine their requirements. Schools and hospitals must be built with higher seismic standards than regular housing to ensure the safety of vulnerable populations.

11. Will renovation affect the house's earthquake resistance?

Home renovations can impact a building's seismic performance if not done carefully. For example, removing load-bearing walls or adding heavy materials like marble flooring can weaken the structure. To prevent this, the Ministry of Construction has issued regulations requiring homeowners to avoid altering the structural integrity of their homes during renovation.