Abstract: With the rapid development of the world economy, the strategic importance of water resources is more and more important. The efficient utilization and effective management of water resources are receiving more and more attention from governments all over the world. The International Freshwater Conference, themed "Water - the key to sustainable development", took place in Bonn, Germany, on 3 December 2002. Countries all over the world have successively promulgated guidelines and policies on water resources dispatching and comprehensive utilization, soil and water conservation, water use optimization and desalination, and so on to solve the increasingly serious water crisis. Keywords: pump station development and management With the rapid development of the world economy, the strategic importance of water resources is increasingly important. The efficient use and effective management of water resources are increasingly valued by governments of all countries in the world. The International Freshwater Conference, themed "Water - the key to sustainable development", took place in Bonn, Germany, on 3 December 2002. Countries all over the world have successively promulgated guidelines and policies on water resources dispatching and comprehensive utilization, soil and water conservation, water use optimization and desalination, and so on to solve the increasingly serious water crisis. Pump station - the only source of artificial power for water, as an important engineering measure, plays an irreplaceable role in the rational water resources management and management. At the same time, pumping stations play an important role in flood control, drainage and drought relief as well as industrial and agricultural water supply and water supply for urban and rural residents. In addition, the pump station for energy-hungry, energy-saving and water-saving issues as important. Therefore, the economic operation of the pump station and optimize the management is particularly important. 1 The Development Status of Pumping Station in Foreign Countries Pumping station is one of effective engineering measures to solve the problems of waterlogging, drought and water shortage and water environment deterioration in today's three major water resources. They bear the regional flood control, waterlogging, irrigation, water transfer and water supply, mainly for farmland irrigation and drainage, urban water supply and drainage and inter-basin water diversion. Unlike other water conservancy buildings, pumping stations do not need to construct retaining structures and water diversion structures, and have no impact on resources and environment. They are less affected by conditions of water source, topography and geology, and have the advantages of low investment, low cost, short construction period, Quick, flexible and so on. However, the pumping station to run energy, equipment maintenance and updating of high cost. Nevertheless, many countries still put pumping station construction as a priority. In particular, the countries of the Netherlands, Japan, the former Soviet Union and the United States have enjoyed rapid development, advanced technology and better management. There are many things that we should learn from and learn from. 1.1 The development of the pumping station in the Netherlands The Netherlands is a low-lying country. About a quarter of the country's land area is below sea level. Historically, it is famous for its embankments, drainage and land reclamation. Coupled with the reclamation swamp in some areas, Etc., its drainage problem is very prominent. In order to resolve these conflicts, the Dutch government has constructed a large number of large-scale drainage pumping stations, so far an area of ​​about 600,000 hectares has been added to land reclaimed from the sea. Dutch drainage pumping station is characterized by low lift, large flow. For example, the Emerton drainage pumping station constructed in 1973 has a maximum lift of only 2.3m, a stand-alone flow of 37.5m3 / s and a total drainage capacity of 150 m3 / s and is likely to expand to 350-400 m3 / s in the future. At present, there are over 600 large pumping stations built in the Netherlands. There are more than 2,400 large-scale pumping units with a diameter of 1.2m or more installed. (The Dutch pump has a high speed and its diameter is 1.2m which is equivalent to a large pump with a diameter of 1.8m or more) The number of stations and the number of large pumps are more than three times the number of pumping stations in China. In terms of pump design and installation, the Netherlands has world-renowned experts in hydraulic machinery for performing performance tests, water hammer calculations and model tests on pump units, etc. In terms of machinery, vibration calculation and measurement, performance and noise monitoring . They also make extensive use of computers ranging from computer-aided design (CAD) to computer-aided manufacturing (CAM); from hydraulic and structural optimization designs to rigorous control of blade and guide vane machining, full use of computers, Products are manufactured on a highly advanced design and process basis. The Netherlands pays more attention to scientific research, has strong scientific research capacity, complete research institutes and perfect facilities. It has a systematic study of pumps and their inlet and outlet channels. Perfect design and manufacturing, improve the performance of the unit, increasing the safety and stability of pumping station operation. 1.2 Development of Pumping Station in Japan Japan is an island nation. Most of its land area is mountainous and hilly, with less cultivated land per capita. In order to obtain the land area, Japan adopted a large-scale method of stopping the sea from the sea and built a number of drainage pumping stations in order to solve the problem of drainage in areas prone to waterlogging. The formation and development of irrigation and drainage in Japan has always been related to the history of rice cultivation. Around the 3rd century BC, rice cultivation began around the area that was easy to irrigate. Many simple drains and small ponds have been built. Later, the level of agricultural productivity gradually increased and farmland irrigation facilities gradually developed nationwide. Before and after the 19th century, progress was made in the development of paddy fields around the great river basins, and the scale of the paddy field in Japan is now estimated at 3 million hm2. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, with the combination of modern science and technology and Japanese traditional paddy farming techniques, Japan's irrigation and drainage facilities were extensively constructed and continuously developed. Before and after 1970, Japan's rice surplus, the government began to implement the policy of adjusting agricultural structure, irrigation and drainage facilities from the original paddy field as the center into dryland as the center. Since 1990, with the gradual improvement of the system based on new improvement of irrigation and drainage facilities, the construction of drainage facilities aimed at improving productivity has been actively carried out centering on the lower reaches of the river. Currently, there are 1,443 key water conservancy facilities in Japan, including reservoirs, ditches, sluices and pumping stations built by the state, with irrigation and drainage channels totaling 17,810 km. A total of 7,400 land improvement areas nationwide, with a control area of ​​3.4 million hm2. The current irrigation and drainage project in Japan far exceeds the functions that must be provided for growing rice. Wherever he goes, irrigation and drainage facilities closely coexist with nature and depend on each other. They play an extremely important role in the storage of groundwater, flood control, soil pollution prevention and control, and the ecological environment of land administration, and they have maintained and created the beautiful rural landscape and humanistic culture in Japan. Among the many large pumping stations in the country, the Xinchuanhekou and Sanxiang Drainage Stations are more representative. Xinchuanhe Estuary drainage station has installed a total of six 4.2m diameter tubular pump, head 2.6m, a single pump flow of 40 m3 / s, drainage to benefit the area of ​​300000 acres. Sanshin drainage station equipped with a diameter of 4.6m mixed flow pump, a single pump flow 50m3 / s, head design 6.3m. 1.3 The development of the former Soviet Union pumping station project The former Soviet Union annual precipitation of about 904300000000 m3, the formation of river runoff of 4043000000000 m3, average annual runoff 27820m3. In addition, there are also 227 million cubic meters of annual inbound traffic and 787.5 billion cubic meters of groundwater annually. The former Soviet Union had a high degree of water resources development and a world-class level of water construction. Former Soviet Union large-scale pump station construction, in addition to the plains used in agricultural irrigation and drainage, mainly for high head canal water supply and inter-basin water diversion. Such as the cascaded pumping station on the completed Moscow Canal and the North South Water Transfer project to transfer 200-250 billion m3 of water from the northern rivers to the Volga Basin. The former Soviet Union large-scale pumps (axial flow pump) with high speed, high lift, flow and other characteristics of the technical performance of the more advanced level, but the pump structure is relatively simple, the general use of the transmission and the motor directly connected, so the motor volume The bulky, pumping station investment increased accordingly. 1.4 The Status of Pump Station Engineering in the United States Taking the Irrigation and Drainage Development in the West of the United States as an Example. In 1902, the United States passed the Irrigation Bill, which opened the prelude to water conservancy construction in the 17 western states. After the Great Depression in the early 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt proposed the "New Deal" and regarded the construction of public projects that mainly include water conservancy facilities as one of the important means to stimulate the economy. A large number of comprehensive projects such as hydroelectric power generation, flood control, irrigation and water diversion were launched in succession, and the nationwide water conservancy construction reached an all-time high. After nearly a hundred years of efforts, 345 reservoirs, 254 dams, 267 pumping stations, 216,000 km of channels, 2300km of water mains, 950km of tunnels and 58 hydropower stations have been built and managed. The development and utilization of these water resources The construction and completion of the backbone projects have laid a solid foundation for the social and economic development in the western region, solved the water use problem of 31 million people, provided irrigation water for 10 million acres of farmland in the western part of the world, Production accounted for 60%. The United States owns the world's largest pump and flow station - Edmundston pumping station. Located in the southern suburb of Bakersfield in the San Joaquin Valley in central California, California, it is one of 22 large pumping stations on a total length of 864 km of the North South Water Transfer Project in California (passing water from the Northern California main canal across the Tehachapi range to California South). The Edmundston pumping station is equipped with 14 pumps, each with a flow rate of 9 m3 / s, a static lift of 587 m (excluding pipe losses), an efficiency of 92.2% and a speed of 600 r / m Motor with the same), supporting motor power of 80,000 horsepower (nearly 60,000 kW). The total pumping capacity of the pump station is 125 m3 / s, with a total auxiliary power of 112 million horsepower and an annual power consumption of about 6 billion kWh. Pump for the vertical axis 4 series, 9.45m high, runner diameter 4.88m, weight 220 tons. Pump and motor direct connection, the total unit height of nearly 20m, weighs 420 tons. The project in May 1951 proposed program feasibility studies, the final plan in May 1965, September 1971 officially put into operation in 1984 to complete the installation of the last three units, the total investment of about 175 million US dollars. 2 foreign pumping station operation, management and automation Foreign pumping station in operation, management of a high degree of automation, monitoring system improvement. In this way, it not only improves the safety, reliability and economy of pumping station operation, but also saves human resources and provides a reliable basis for the maintenance of the project. Among them, the pump station in the operation, management, a high degree of automation of the United States, Japan, Britain, the Netherlands and the former Soviet Union. 2.1 Operation, Administration and Automation of Pumping Station in the West of the United States Experience from the construction and management of water transfer projects in the western United States shows that there are many advantages to centralized and unified scheduling of the system. (L) California's water diversion project was run under the unified management of the Ministry of Water Resources. From 1964 to 1974, control systems were installed, including computers, communications and electronic equipment. The system is capable of computer communication, monitoring, inspection and dispatching of 17 pumping stations and power plants, 198 gates of 71 control gates and other various equipment and facilities. In order to facilitate the control and application of the project, apart from setting up a central control room in Sacramento, sub-control centers are also set up in five regions of Olowire, Delta, St. Louis, San Joaquin and Southern California. Central control room is responsible for the management and coordination of all projects, but also serve as a backup of its sub-control center. The entire control system investment was 13.5 million US dollars, of which the central control system is 2.6 million US dollars. The central control system is mainly composed of computer system, CRT system, dispatching console, analog screen, printing system and communication system. Among them, the simulation screen height 3 m, length 16 m, with alarm device
