Three months ago, the "Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan" was introduced amid high public expectations. However, just three months later, a large-scale haze event swept across central and eastern China, affecting cities like Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing. Haze was reported in 25 provinces, regions, and municipalities nationwide, with the average number of haze days in 2013 reaching a record high.
On December 6, the National Inter-ministerial Coordination Meeting on Atmospheric Pollution Control convened in Beijing. Zhou Shengxian, Minister of Environmental Protection, warned that as northern regions entered the heating season, unfavorable weather conditions could worsen air pollution. He emphasized that the task of controlling pollution this winter remains extremely challenging, requiring coordinated efforts from all sectors to tackle this difficult battle.
Experts pointed out several key factors behind the widespread haze. First, pollutants accumulated due to poor meteorological conditions. Second, vehicle emissions played a significant role. Third, coal-fired heating in northern regions contributed heavily to the problem.
Xie Shaodong, deputy director of Peking University's School of Environmental Science and Engineering, noted that while calm weather increases the likelihood of haze, most pollutants come from industrial sources. He highlighted that even in the Yangtze River Delta, where coal heating is less common, many small-scale factories lack strong environmental awareness, contributing significantly to local pollution.
He also mentioned that the pollution situation has shifted from being localized to regional. An environmental expert added that although weather patterns are similar to previous years, the concentration of pollutants has become more severe. “We can’t rely on weather to clear smog. The real solution lies in cutting off the source of pollution.â€
At a 2013 Environmental Protection Company Summit in Kunshan, industry leaders expressed frustration over the growing complexity of air pollution control. Zhang Kaiyuan, chairman of Guodian Qingxin, pointed out that while significant resources have been invested in treating flue gas from power plants, other industries like steel, cement, and chemicals have received far less attention. “This imbalance in pollution control is a major issue.â€
Coal remains the main energy source in China, often blamed for smog. Zhang believes clean and efficient coal use is technically feasible, but the real challenge lies in responsibility, pressure, and governance mechanisms. He noted that European desulfurization standards are lower than China’s, yet enforcement is lacking. “Good standards mean nothing without effective implementation.â€
Hu Hongji, deputy chief economist at Fujian Longjing Environmental Protection, stressed that while policy and technology are not the main barriers, strict enforcement is crucial. This requires collaboration between the central government, ministries, the public, and the media.
China Labor Insurance Network
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