(1) Symptoms Iron deficiency is mainly manifested in the young leaves of new shoots. At the beginning, the leaf flesh turns yellow first, while the leaves and veins remain green, causing the leaves to appear green and reticular chlorosis. As the disease progresses, the leaf chlorosis becomes heavier, and the whole leaves turn white, and the leaf edges are scorched, causing defoliation; When the iron is deficient, the top of the new shoot is dead. The fruit of the diseased tree is still green.
(2) Causes Iron is difficult to transfer in plants. Therefore, the symptoms of iron deficiency are mostly manifested from the young leaves at the top of the new shoots.
(3) Conditions of occurrence
a. From the iron content of the soil, the general orchard soil is not deficient in iron, but in the soil with heavier salinity, the soluble divalent iron is converted into insoluble ferric iron, which cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. Fruit trees show iron deficiency. It can be said that all factors that aggravate the degree of soil salinization can aggravate the symptoms of iron deficiency symptoms.
b. When the drought occurs, the evaporation of salt from the groundwater concentrates on the surface of the soil; in the depression where the groundwater level is high, the salt accumulates on the surface with the groundwater.
c. Soil is sticky and poorly drained, which is not conducive to salt washing with the irrigation layer to the lower layer, etc., yellow leaf disease is easy to occur.
(4) Correction method Improving soil and releasing fixed iron is a fundamental measure to prevent iron deficiency; proper supplementation of soluble iron can treat disease trees.
1) Changing soil and alkali treatment Adding organic fertilizer and planting green manure to increase the soil organic matter content can change the physical and chemical properties of the soil and release the fixed iron. Measures to improve soil and alkali treatment, such as trenching and drainage, reducing groundwater level; adding sand to change viscosity, increasing soil water permeability, etc., are fundamental measures to prevent yellow leaf disease.
2) Appropriate supplementation of ferrite To save the seriously ill tree, soluble iron can be supplemented by various methods.
a. Spraying 0.3% to 0.5% of ferrous sulfate solution before germination, or ferrous sulfate: copper sulfate: quicklime: water two 1:1:2.5:360 mixture, control disease The role, but not lasting.
b. Mix ferrous sulfate and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:5, and apply 2.5 to 5 kg per plant, which may have effects of more than two years. The application of chelated iron (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) in the soil is more effective in treating yellow leaf disease.
c. Before the germination of the fruit trees, soak the injured lateral roots with 30-50 times of ferrous sulfate, and apply 100 kg of liquid per plant; or use canned bottles to fill 250 kg of ferrous sulfate 250 times, in each direction. Find 0. A 5 cm long root was inserted into the bottle and 6 bottles per tree. The bottle mouth is facing up and buried in the soil. After the roots are absorbed for 24 hours, the bottle is taken out. This method saves medicine and works quickly.
d. Inject the ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate 1000-2000 times solution into the trunk before germination. Some injections of ferrous sulfate 200 times solution plus zinc sulfate 200 times solution. When the injection method is used improperly, it is prone to phytotoxicity and should be carefully tested.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Lu Shuguang
(2) Causes Iron is difficult to transfer in plants. Therefore, the symptoms of iron deficiency are mostly manifested from the young leaves at the top of the new shoots.
(3) Conditions of occurrence
a. From the iron content of the soil, the general orchard soil is not deficient in iron, but in the soil with heavier salinity, the soluble divalent iron is converted into insoluble ferric iron, which cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. Fruit trees show iron deficiency. It can be said that all factors that aggravate the degree of soil salinization can aggravate the symptoms of iron deficiency symptoms.
b. When the drought occurs, the evaporation of salt from the groundwater concentrates on the surface of the soil; in the depression where the groundwater level is high, the salt accumulates on the surface with the groundwater.
c. Soil is sticky and poorly drained, which is not conducive to salt washing with the irrigation layer to the lower layer, etc., yellow leaf disease is easy to occur.
(4) Correction method Improving soil and releasing fixed iron is a fundamental measure to prevent iron deficiency; proper supplementation of soluble iron can treat disease trees.
1) Changing soil and alkali treatment Adding organic fertilizer and planting green manure to increase the soil organic matter content can change the physical and chemical properties of the soil and release the fixed iron. Measures to improve soil and alkali treatment, such as trenching and drainage, reducing groundwater level; adding sand to change viscosity, increasing soil water permeability, etc., are fundamental measures to prevent yellow leaf disease.
2) Appropriate supplementation of ferrite To save the seriously ill tree, soluble iron can be supplemented by various methods.
a. Spraying 0.3% to 0.5% of ferrous sulfate solution before germination, or ferrous sulfate: copper sulfate: quicklime: water two 1:1:2.5:360 mixture, control disease The role, but not lasting.
b. Mix ferrous sulfate and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1:5, and apply 2.5 to 5 kg per plant, which may have effects of more than two years. The application of chelated iron (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) in the soil is more effective in treating yellow leaf disease.
c. Before the germination of the fruit trees, soak the injured lateral roots with 30-50 times of ferrous sulfate, and apply 100 kg of liquid per plant; or use canned bottles to fill 250 kg of ferrous sulfate 250 times, in each direction. Find 0. A 5 cm long root was inserted into the bottle and 6 bottles per tree. The bottle mouth is facing up and buried in the soil. After the roots are absorbed for 24 hours, the bottle is taken out. This method saves medicine and works quickly.
d. Inject the ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate 1000-2000 times solution into the trunk before germination. Some injections of ferrous sulfate 200 times solution plus zinc sulfate 200 times solution. When the injection method is used improperly, it is prone to phytotoxicity and should be carefully tested.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Lu Shuguang
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