1. When a large number of fruit farmers apply fertilizers to fruit trees, they often use unscientific methods and improper placement. Many farmers tend to place the fertilizer close to the tree trunk, which not only reduces the efficiency of nutrient absorption but also harms the root system. This can negatively affect root development and flowering, ultimately leading to lower fruit yields.
Secondly, fruit trees mainly absorb nutrients through their root hairs. Fertilizing in the root hair zone can significantly improve fertilizer utilization, boost production, and increase income. Typically, horizontal roots extend 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the tree canopy, with most concentrated at the outer edge of the canopy's shadow. Root depth varies depending on the species, soil conditions, and management practices. For example, apple, peach, and plum trees have shallow root systems, usually around 40 cm deep, while pear and grape trees have deeper roots, reaching about 80 cm. Therefore, fertilization should be applied near the edge of the canopy or slightly beyond. Trees with deep roots should be fertilized deeper, while those with shallow roots should be fertilized more shallowly.
Thirdly, organic fertilizers decompose slowly but provide a long-term supply of nutrients, making them suitable for proper application. In contrast, chemical fertilizers are highly mobile and can be applied more shallowly. In densely planted orchards, it is best to apply fertilizer deeply between rows and shallowly between individual trees. This approach minimizes root damage, allowing the fertilizer to work more effectively, improving its utilization rate, and ultimately increasing yield and profitability.
Author: Liu Ling
Source: Ludian County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Yunnan Province
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