Application of New Silicon Carbide Power Semiconductors in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

**Abstract** Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan recently announced that it has partnered with Denso to develop a new silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor technology specifically for automotive power control units (PCUs). The goal is to enhance the performance and efficiency of hybrid vehicles. Toyota plans to conduct road tests of these advanced PCUs in Japan for a duration of one year, marking a significant step forward in electric vehicle technology. The development of SiC-based power semiconductors aims to improve fuel efficiency by up to 10% while reducing the size of existing silicon-based components by as much as 80%. This innovation is supported by the JC08 project, which is backed by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. Silicon carbide offers several advantages over traditional silicon materials, including lower power losses during switching operations and the ability to handle higher frequencies efficiently. Additionally, coils and capacitors currently take up nearly 40% of the space in PCUs, but with the integration of SiC, the overall size of these units can be significantly reduced. PCUs are essential components in the electrified powertrains of hybrid and electric vehicles. They manage the flow of electrical energy between the battery and the motor, enabling the vehicle to accelerate and regenerate energy during braking. However, traditional PCUs suffer from energy losses—approximately 25% of the total energy is lost, with about 20% of that loss attributed to the power semiconductors themselves. By improving the efficiency of these components, Toyota aims to make hybrid vehicles more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Since the launch of the Prius project in 1997, Toyota has been actively researching and developing power semiconductor technologies to enhance the performance of hybrid vehicles. The superior properties of silicon carbide have led to the joint efforts of Toyota's CRDL project and Denso in applying this material to PCUs. Earlier tests under the JC08 project demonstrated that SiC-based semiconductors could boost fuel efficiency by 5%, paving the way for even greater improvements. Toyota is set to unveil its latest silicon carbide power semiconductor technology at the Yokohama 2014 Automotive Engineering Expo in May. This event will provide a platform for industry professionals and enthusiasts to learn more about the future of hybrid and electric vehicle technology. With continued research and development, Toyota is positioning itself at the forefront of the next generation of efficient and sustainable automotive systems.

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