In spring, especially during early spring, feed resources are limited, and many farmers tend to increase the amount of concentrate feed given to rabbits, such as corn, dried melons, and wheat. This practice is not scientifically sound. Concentrate feeds are high in sugar (starch), which can be difficult for rabbits to fully digest in their small intestine. When these sugars reach the large intestine, they are fermented by bacteria, producing a significant amount of organic acids like acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. This can lead to an acidic environment in the gut, which may disrupt normal digestion.
Moreover, the excess sugar acts as a favorable medium for bacterial growth, promoting the proliferation of harmful bacteria such as *Escherichia coli* and *Clostridium perfringens*. These bacteria can produce toxins that damage the intestinal lining, leading to severe diarrhea. In extreme cases, this can result in acidosis, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances, which can be fatal to rabbits. Additionally, these toxins can affect the nervous system, causing intestinal toxemia and accelerating the death of affected animals. To avoid these issues, it's recommended to provide 50–150 grams of supplementary feed per day, depending on the rabbit's age and development stage. Even sweet potato stems and leaves, which contain natural sugars, should be fed in moderation to prevent similar problems.
In addition to managing sugar intake, feeding roughage is essential for maintaining healthy digestion in rabbits. Their digestive systems are designed to process high-fiber diets, so the crude fiber content in their feed should be at least 14%. A lack of sufficient fiber can reduce intestinal motility, leading to mucus enteritis. During spring, when fresh green forage is scarce, farmers should make use of dry roughages such as hay, dried leaves, corn stalks, and bean straw. These materials should be cut into short pieces to make them easier for rabbits to consume. Corn stalks and bean straw, which are more fibrous, should be ground and mixed with water and salt to improve palatability. However, the quantity of roughage should be carefully managed to avoid waste and ensure balanced nutrition.
Vitamin supplementation is also crucial for rabbit health. Carrots, green radishes, cabbage, pumpkins, and silage can all be used to provide essential vitamins. However, it's important to limit silage to 5–10% of the total diet to prevent acidosis. Pregnant rabbits should avoid silage altogether to reduce the risk of abortion. Spoiled fruits or vegetables must never be fed to rabbits, as they can cause serious digestive issues or poisoning.
Germinated feed is another excellent source of nutrients and vitamins. To prepare it, grains like wheat or millet should be washed in warm water (around 20°C) to remove impurities. They are then spread out in a shallow container, about 2.5–5 cm thick, and kept at room temperature (15–20°C). Once the sprouts reach 6–8 cm in length, they can be safely fed to rabbits. This method not only enhances nutritional value but also supports better digestion and overall health.
By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure their rabbits receive a balanced and safe diet, especially during the challenging conditions of early spring. Proper feeding practices not only promote growth and productivity but also help prevent common health issues that can lead to loss of animals.
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