The seedlings in the Daejeon region often experience stunting issues after transplanting, and this condition is not uncommon. The main causes of stunting are deficiencies in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. Each deficiency presents unique symptoms that can help identify the problem and guide corrective actions.
Nitrogen deficiency leads to small plants with few tillers, pale green or yellow leaves that start from the tip and spread toward the midrib. The rice ears become short and small, and the plants tend to mature prematurely. This can be caused by insufficient basal fertilizer application, poor soil fertility, incomplete leaching of salts, or excessive use of base fertilizer.
Phosphorus deficiency results in dark green new leaves and grayish-purple older leaves. Leaves may stand upright, become shorter, and curl severely. Root development is poor, with blackened and sparse roots. This occurs when there's a lack of available phosphorus, cold soil conditions, or toxic substances that interfere with phosphorus uptake.
Potassium deficiency causes stunted growth, dark green leaves, and fewer tillers. Yellow-brown spots appear at the base of the leaves, sometimes spreading to the sheaths and stems, known as red wilt. Roots become damaged, aged, and fall off, while new roots are weak and short-lived. Causes include low potassium levels, imbalanced nutrient application, and interference from toxic substances.
Zinc deficiency shows up as chlorotic and white areas along the leaf veins in new leaves, with dry tips on old leaves. Yellow-red or rust-colored spots appear from the bottom upward, and the new leaves are small and slow to develop. Plants become dwarfed, and severe cases result in dead old leaves. Root development is poor, and new roots may not form. This happens due to low available zinc in alkaline soils, prolonged flooding, excess phosphorus, or low soil temperature.
To address these issues, proper drainage is essential. Deep ditches should be created to remove excess water, prevent over-irrigation, and encourage shallow watering. Improving soil structure by adding sand or washing salt from saline soils helps. For fields with poor root development, drying the field and promoting new root growth is crucial.
Toxic substances in the soil, such as organic acids, can be neutralized using products like Huifulfeng or Zhuangfuxing active liquid fertilizer. These have a pH between 8 and 9.2, effectively reducing acidity. Apply 150 ml per acre mixed with 50 kg of water. Alternatively, mixing wood ash or lime in a 3:1 ratio can also help.
Fertilizer supplementation depends on the specific deficiency. If multiple nutrients are lacking, they should be applied during topdressing. For example, if zinc is deficient, about 3 kg of zinc sulfate per acre is recommended. For nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiencies, additional nitrogen can enhance the absorption of other nutrients. Tailoring the fertilizer application ensures better plant recovery and growth.
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