1, a large number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (essential elements)
(1) Nitrogen (N) nutrition of flowers and plants: Nitrogen is essential for the growth and development of plants. Usually, the total amount of nitrogen in plants is not too high, such as 1.0 to 2.0% of whole plants. Plants are plants with high nitrogen content, and the nitrogen content in plant leaves is 3.5 to 5.0% of their dry weight. Nitrogen is mainly absorbed in the form of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and some small organic nitrogen such as urea can also be absorbed by plants. Nitrogen is the primary component of amino acids, accounting for about 16-18% of the amino acid content, and contains amino acids in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. All enzymes are also based on amino acids. In addition, nitrogen, such as nucleic acid, phospholipid, chlorophyll, and coenzyme, contain nitrogen; some plant hormones such as auxin and imperatorin, and vitamins (such as B1, B2, B3, and PP) also contain nitrogen. Therefore, nitrogen plays a leading role in plant throwing, so nitrogen is also called life element.
(2) Phosphorus (P) nutrition of flowers: Phosphorus is also a necessary nutrient for plant growth and development. Generally, the phosphorus content of plants is 1 to 8%. Plants absorb more phosphorus from flower bud differentiation to flowering, so appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer should be carried out before flower bud differentiation; when soil temperature is low, effective phosphorus content in soil should be low, and phosphate fertilizer should be increased; Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer can increase the cold resistance of plants and increase the number of root lice and stems. Phosphorus is primarily absorbed by the formation of HPO42- and H2PO4-. Phosphorus is involved in the composition of nucleic acids, nucleotides, phospholipids and certain coenzymes, so the primary component of the cytoplasm and nucleus. Phosphorus is involved in many metabolic processes such as the glycolysis process.
(3) Potassium (K) nutrition of flowers: Potassium is one of the three essential elements for plant growth and development. The potassium content in the soil is rich, so people have paid insufficient attention to potassium fertilizer for a long time. In recent years, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers have been used, and the demand for potash has also increased. Potassium is present in the organism in a free state or in an adsorbed state, and has an activating effect on various enzymes in the plant, and has a regulating effect on various metabolisms of plants. The potassium content of plants is 1.0 to 3.5%. Potassium can promote the synthesis and transportation of carbon hydrates, so potassium application can make the stems thick; potassium can also increase the hydration of cells and improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of plants. Generally, applying potassium fertilizer at the end of autumn and winter can increase the resistance of plants. Cold.
2, secondary elements calcium, magnesium, sulfur (medium element): Although the content of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in plants is not as much as NPK, but it is also necessary for plant growth and development, if it is lacking, it will show deficiency.
(1) The effect of calcium (Ca): Calcium is a component of the cell wall, so calcium deficiency will affect the cell rupture. If calcium silicate is a component of the intercellular layer, cell rupture cannot be held normally when calcium is deficient, often making the top bud The young leaves are necrotic and the apical damage is more serious. Calcium is involved in amino acid synthesis; calcium is also an activator of some enzymes, such as ATP hydrolase and phospholipid hydrolase, which require calcium ions. Calcium has the effect of neutralizing the acidity of organic acids and soil in plants; it has the psychological disorder caused by excessive resistance to certain ions, thus affecting the absorption of various elements. For example, the calcium content in the culture substrate is too long, which will affect potassium and The absorption of magnesium ions also antagonizes the absorption of iron and manganese.
(2) The effect of magnesium (Mg): Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, which affects the synthesis of chlorophyll when magnesium is deficient, thus affecting light and utility. Magnesium is an activator of various enzymes, affecting the nucleic acid and amino acid synthesis and the conversion of energy and quantity in plants.
(3) The effect of sulfur (S): Sulfur is absorbed by plants in the situation of SO42-, SO2 in the atmosphere can also be directly absorbed by the plant as a sulfur source, and sulfur intervenes to form photo-amino acid, hemi-amino acid and A sulfur-containing amino acid such as methionine is one of the constituent elements of an amino acid.
3, trace elements (simple version):
(1) Effect of iron (Fe): The synthesis of chlorophyll requires iron.
(2) Effect of boron (B): Boron in the soil is absorbed by plants in the form of BO32-. Boron can increase the activity of invertase, promote the transportation of carbohydrates, and facilitate the transportation of light and products from leaves to roots and stamens. Therefore, boron promotes root development. Boron has a relatively promoting effect on the development of flower organs, which is an important psychological effect of boron.
(3) Effect of copper (Cu): Copper is a trace element necessary for flowers and plants.
(4) The effect of zinc (Zn): Zinc is directly involved in the synthesis of indole acetic acid. When zinc is deficient, the content of indole acetic acid in the plant falls, which leads to a series of diseases. Zinc is also an activator of many enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyrimidine nucleotide dehydrogenase. Zinc is also involved in the synthesis of amino acids.
(5) Manganese (Mn) effect: Manganese is also directly involved in light and effect, and plays an important role in photolysis of water and release of oxygen. Manganese has an important effect on the chlorophyll layout, and the chloroplast layer layout of the plant is destroyed when manganese is extremely deficient.
(6) Effect of chlorine: Chlorine is absorbed by plants in the form of Cl-. In the plant, chlorine is not involved in the layout of any organic matter. The primary effect of chlorine is the photolysis and release of oxygen in the light and utility. Plants are chlorine-free crops, and care should be taken to prevent chlorine poisoning when using them. When the content of chlorine is high, it can promote the production of ethylene in plants and accelerate the process of aging.
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