Functional Requirements for Machine Tool Lubricants and Greases
Source: China Bearing Network | Date: October 31, 2013
Machine tool smoothness involves the proper functioning of bearings, gears, guide rails, and other critical components. The lubricants used in machine tools include hydraulic oil, guide rail oil, and grease. Depending on the type of machine and its working conditions, different functional requirements are placed on these lubricants. First, bearing lubrication is essential for both sliding and rolling bearings. For sliding bearings, especially those in high-speed grinding spindles with clearances as small as 1 micron, a low-viscosity, high-performance lubricant is required. It must provide excellent lubrication, cooling, oxidation resistance, anti-wear, anti-rust, and anti-foaming properties. In such cases, a lubricant with a viscosity of around 2.0 mm²/s at 40°C is recommended. For rolling bearings, especially those operating above 30,000 RPM, forced lubrication or spray lubrication is typically used. These bearings generally do not require greases containing solid lubricants unless they are large or subjected to heavy loads. Second, gear lubrication plays a crucial role in maintaining smooth operation. Machine tool gears experience moderate impact and vibration, and their load conditions vary. Gear oil with anti-wear additives is commonly used, either through circulation or immersion. The selection of gear oil should consider oxidation resistance, corrosion protection, wear resistance, and foaming resistance. Viscosity should be chosen based on the type of gear and its application. Third, guide rail lubrication is vital for ensuring smooth movement. Guide rails often operate under fluctuating loads (typically 3–8 N/cm²) and repeated motion, which can lead to surface imperfections if not properly lubricated. To prevent sticking and improve performance, lubricants containing anti-stick agents are preferred. Common viscosities for rail oil include 32, 68, 100, and 150. Products like BESLUX LUDER series (ISO 6743/4, L-HG grade) are widely used and meet international standards. Fourth, the top of the machine tool, often referred to as the spindle, functions as a specialized bearing. While the static load is relatively light, high-speed machine tools typically use reverse tips that handle more complex loads. In such cases, grease is the preferred lubricant due to its ability to provide long-lasting protection. --- **Related Bearing Knowledge:** - Bearing Application - Identification and Replacement of Failed IKO Bearings - Analysis of Factors Affecting Rolling Bearing Inner Ring Roundness - Determining Whether Imported TIMKEN Bearings Can Be Used - Methods for Measuring Rolling Bearing Clearance - Understanding SKF Angular Contact Ball Bearing Suffixes This article is sourced from China Bearing Network. For more information, visit [http://www.chinabearing.net](http://www.chinabearing.net). Previous: The First Skill in Overhauling NSK Bearings Next: Understanding the Meaning of Suffixes in SKF Angular Contact Ball Bearings
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