**Functional Requirements for Machine Tool Lubrication and Lubricants (Grease)**
Home > Bearing Knowledge > Functional Requirements for Smooth Machine Tools and Machine Tool Lubricants
Source: China Bearing Network | Date: October 31, 2013
Machine tool smoothness is essential for precision and efficiency. It involves the smooth operation of bearings, gears, guide ways, and other critical components. The lubricants used in machine tools—such as hydraulic oil, guide oil, and grease—must meet specific functional requirements depending on the type of machine and its working conditions.
**1. Bearing Smoothness**
- **Sliding Bearings**: These are commonly used in machine tools. The lubricant not only ensures smooth operation but also provides cooling. Therefore, a low-viscosity, high-performance lubricant with excellent anti-oxidation, anti-wear, anti-rust, and anti-foaming properties is required. For fine grinding machines, where bearing clearances can be as small as 1 micron and speeds exceed 30,000 RPM, the lubricant must have very good viscosity characteristics. A recommended viscosity is 2.0 mm² at 40°C.
- **Rolling Bearings**: Rolling bearings typically require less lubrication due to their lower friction coefficient. However, when speeds exceed 30,000 RPM, forced lubrication or spray lubrication may be necessary. Special care should be taken to avoid using greases containing solid lubricants unless the bearing is large and rough.
**2. Gear Lubrication**
The gears in machine tools experience moderate impact and oscillation. The load is generally manageable, but gear oil must contain anti-wear additives. It is usually applied via circulation or oil bath. In addition to oxidation resistance, anti-corrosion, anti-wear, and anti-foaming properties must be considered. The selection of gear oil depends on the type of gear and the required viscosity.
**3. Guide Rail Lubrication**
Guide rails in machine tools experience varying loads and frequent movement. The typical load on the rail surface ranges from 3 to 8 N/cm². Due to repeated motion, even minor imperfections can lead to issues. To prevent this, fluorine-based resin coatings are often used. Additionally, smooth oil containing anti-stick agents is essential. Common viscosities include 32, 68, 100, and 150. Products like BESLUX LUDER series (32, 46, 68, 100, 150, 220) meet ISO 6743/4 specifications and are classified under the L-HG grade.
**4. Spindle Lubrication**
The spindle is a unique component of the machine tool. While the static load is relatively low, high-speed machine tools often use reverse spindles that experience more complex loads. Therefore, grease is typically used for lubrication.
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This article was originally published on China Bearing Network.
For more information, visit [China Bearing Network](http://www.chinabearing.net).
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