The influence of vibration on human body and protective measures

Vibration can affect the human body in two main ways: whole-body vibration and local vibration. Whole-body vibration occurs when a person is exposed to vibrations from machinery, vehicles, or active platforms through their feet or hips, which then travel up the body, affecting the entire system. Local vibration, on the other hand, happens when the hands or forearms come into contact with vibrating tools, machines, or workpieces, directly transmitting the vibration to these areas.

1. Adverse Effects of Whole-Body Vibration

Prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration can lead to serious health issues. It may cause internal organs to shift or become damaged, as well as affect peripheral nerves and blood vessels, leading to tissue changes and malnutrition. Symptoms such as foot pain, leg fatigue, heel pain, reduced sensitivity, and lower skin temperature may occur. Female workers may experience uterine prolapse, spontaneous abortion, or irregular childbirth. Many individuals may also suffer from sexual dysfunction and increased gas metabolism. High levels of acceleration can disrupt the vestibular system, causing dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweats, headaches, and fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure. Motion sickness and seasickness are common conditions linked to whole-body vibration. Additionally, it can result in spinal injuries and other musculoskeletal problems.

2. Adverse Effects of Local Vibration

Local vibration primarily affects the hands and arms due to direct contact with vibrating tools. Over time, this can impair blood circulation, nerve function, and the motor systems of the bones and joints. In severe cases, it may lead to an occupational disease known as local vibration disease, also referred to as Raynaud's phenomenon, vibratory vascular neuropathy, or "vibratory white finger." This condition is caused by long-term exposure to low-frequency, high-amplitude vibrations, leading to autonomic nervous system dysfunction and changes in the peripheral circulation. Early symptoms include tingling, numbness, and altered sensation in the hands. Common complaints include hand numbness, pain, swelling, cold hands, sweaty palms, and nighttime discomfort. Later stages may involve stiffness, tremors, weakness, and episodes of hand pallor due to vasospasm. X-rays may show bone and joint abnormalities.

3. Factors Affecting Vibration Exposure

Several factors influence how vibration affects the body, including frequency, amplitude, and acceleration. Environmental conditions like cold temperatures, noise, duration of exposure, posture, individual differences, the hardness of the material being worked on, impact force, and stress can all contribute to the overall effect of vibration on health.

4. Vibration Protection Measures

To reduce the harmful effects of vibration, several measures can be taken:

• Upgrade equipment and processes to minimize vibration at the source.
• Use automated or semi-automated systems to reduce manual exposure.
• Improve tools and equipment to lower vibration intensity and reduce the weight of handheld devices.
• Modify tools and exhaust directions to reduce unnecessary movement.
• Reorganize work schedules and ensure regular maintenance and repairs.
• Implement vibration isolation techniques, such as rubber pads, softwood cushions, or composite isolators.
• Provide personal protective equipment, such as anti-vibration gloves.
• Maintain a comfortable workshop temperature above 16°C.
• Establish reasonable working hours and rotation systems to allow for recovery.
• Train workers to minimize static effort during tasks.
• Conduct regular medical check-ups and pre-employment screenings to identify those at risk.

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