The influence of chairs on Chinese culture

 

In traditional Chinese etiquette, how to sit is an important content. At the earliest time, when there were no chairs, people would kneel on the mat when they were guests, or a large bed called a couch, with the buttocks on the hind legs. Although it is not very comfortable, in formal occasions, you must sit like this, otherwise it is rude.

 

 

By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a folding bench called "Hu Bed", similar to the current Maza, was introduced into the Central Plains from nomadic areas in the north and changed people's sitting posture for the first time. People gradually began to give up the uncomfortable posture of kneeling. By the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Hu bed gradually evolved into a chair we used to have backrests and armrests, which allowed the legs to hang naturally, and became popular in the Song Dynasty. The big eyes of the ancient Chinese were finally liberated.

 

       The popularity of chairs has changed not only people's legs and feet, but also the impact on ancient Chinese culture.

 

The first change of this four-legged furniture was the Chinese ceremony at that time. The change of sitting ceremony directly caused many changes in social etiquette.

 

Before the appearance of the chair, it was difficult for people to sit around a table to eat because of the low sitting position and the low table. At the dinner, people sit behind each of their cases, each with the same set of meals, sitting on the floor and eating by the case. During the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu and Xiang Bo sat in the east, Fan Zeng sat in the south, Pei Gong sat in the north, and Zhang Liang went to the waiter. The case of these five people was a typical meal-sharing system. The emergence of chairs has not fixed the material basis for sitting around eating. People gradually began to sit around a table and eat until the Eight Immortals table appeared. It has become a custom to eat on a table, and the divided meal system has also become a conformity Meal.

 

The biggest influence of the chair is the psychology of the Chinese. Before the appearance of the chair, people had to sit back on formal occasions. This sitting posture seems to be uncomfortable. Modern people are afraid that Bo will rarely insist on this sitting posture for more than half an hour. Therefore, people in ancient times must undergo hard training to adapt to this sitting posture. The first etiquette lesson the children learn is to sit back, and its meaning is very similar to the training of military posture when recruits join the army. In addition to training children's ambition, the training of sloppy sitting is more important for self-cultivation. Because no matter how training, sloppy sitting is uncomfortable for a long time, the heart will be restless, so sloppy training is more about its own connotation Practice, so that the inner and the sitting posture are harmonious and unified, so that you can get a perfect sloppy sitting. Therefore, people who have sloppy training have a straightforward and capable temperament, and have a rigorous and persistent character.

 

Before the emergence of the chair, sloppy sitting was the frontal sitting on social occasions, whether you were the emperor or the Caomin must have a sloppy sitting. Modern people are probably unimaginable. At that time, when the emperor discussed with the ministers, when the ministers bowed down to the emperor, the emperor was actually kneeling. This equality of sitting position narrowed the relationship between the emperor and his subjects. Like a collaborating partner in a career, kneeling does not have the special meaning of lowness now, but is an expression of respect and piety. After the chair appeared, the meaning and connotation of kneeling changed significantly. The emperor sat down on the chair and the subjects bowed down on the ground. This huge inequality in etiquette made the subjects subdued and humiliated. Consolidated the supremacy of the imperial power and enslaved the psychology of the people.

 

China has gradually gone downhill since the Northern Song Dynasty. This is exactly the same time as the popularity of chairs. Is it a coincidence? Just like the invention of the Internet and mobile phones changed people ’s lifestyles, many inventions in human history that do n’t seem conspicuous nowadays, Even simple furniture such as chairs actually have a more or less influence on our culture.

 

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