Explosion-proof lighting is categorized according to national standards, which define the explosion-proof classes, levels, and temperature groups. These classifications ensure that the lamps are suitable for use in hazardous environments where flammable gases or dust may be present.
Based on the type of explosion protection, there are five main categories: flameproof (ex d), increased safety (ex e), positive pressure (ex p), non-sparking (ex n), and dust ignition-proof (ex t). Additionally, combination types can be used by integrating different explosion-proof methods, resulting in composite or special types.
In terms of electric shock protection, lamps are divided into three categories: I, II, and III. The primary goal of this classification is to prevent accidental contact with live parts and reduce the risk of electric shock or sparks that could ignite explosive mixtures.
- **Class I**: This category relies on basic insulation, with accessible conductive parts connected to a protective earth wire in fixed installations.
- **Class II**: It uses double or reinforced insulation as a safety measure without requiring a grounding connection.
- **Class III**: This type operates at a safe voltage, not exceeding 50V RMS, ensuring no higher voltage is generated.
Most explosion-proof lamps fall under Class I, while Class II and III are less common. For example, many plastic explosion-proof lamps and flashlights are designed with Class III protection.
Another important classification is based on the enclosure protection level, indicated by the IP code. The first digit represents protection against solid objects and dust, ranging from 0 to 6, with explosion-proof lamps typically having at least an IP4X rating. The second digit indicates water resistance, ranging from 0 to 8. This ensures that the lamp's internal components remain protected from environmental factors.
Regarding installation on combustible surfaces, explosion-proof lighting is classified into two types. One type is only suitable for non-combustible surfaces, while the other can be directly installed on ordinary combustible materials, provided it is clearly marked.
Finally, based on installation method, explosion-proof lamps can be categorized as fixed, portable, or hand-held. Each type is designed for specific applications, ensuring both safety and functionality in hazardous areas.
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