In cold regions, the widespread use of street lamps faces a significant challenge: ice and snow accumulation on lamp surfaces can make them difficult to see. When ice forms, it poses serious safety risks to both vehicles and pedestrians. This issue is particularly critical for **LED street lamps**, as their housings are typically made of aluminum—a hydrophilic material that tends to attract moisture and promote ice formation. In 2008, a severe snowstorm in southern China led to extensive ice buildup on aluminum surfaces, causing power outages and damaging infrastructure. The disaster highlighted not only the impact of extreme weather but also the vulnerability of hydrophilic materials like aluminum, which can lead to dangerous conditions on roads.
To address this problem, we conducted microscopic imaging analysis of ice formations on various surfaces. Our research aimed to understand why water freezes and adheres so strongly to objects. The results showed that even hydrophobic materials—those designed to repel water—do not always prevent ice formation. Some materials, despite being water-repellent, still allow ice to form and stick tightly. Additionally, surface imperfections such as cracks and grooves were found to be major contributors to ice adhesion. While hydrophobic surfaces may slow down freezing, they do not stop it entirely.
To better evaluate how different materials resist ice condensation, we studied the relationship between surface structure, material properties, and ice formation. We examined factors like surface texture, material composition, finish, and flexibility. The findings revealed that surfaces with simple, smooth, and tightly packed structures, along with strong hydrophobic properties, are less likely to accumulate ice.
Over several winter seasons, we tested LED street lamps with various designs and shell materials in cold regions. The experiments confirmed that all lamps with smooth, flat surfaces and no water-trapping features performed well. Lamps with superior hydrophobic coatings showed no signs of ice condensation, proving the effectiveness of these solutions.
China’s cold regions, often located at higher latitudes, experience extreme temperatures and large daily temperature fluctuations. These conditions present new challenges for LED lighting applications. At the same time, these areas tend to have longer average annual lighting hours than other parts of the country, leading to higher energy consumption. As a result, the shorter daylight hours in these regions create greater demand for efficient LED lighting solutions.
Overall, while the application of LED lighting in cold climates brings challenges, it also opens up new opportunities for innovation and improvement.
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