Since the official launch of the national carbon market at the end of 2017, the construction of the trading system is accelerating. The "Economic Information Daily" reporter learned that the national carbon emission quota total allocation and allocation plan has been approved by the State Council a few days ago, and is expected to be issued in the near future. At the same time, the localities have successively put forward work proposals for the implementation of the national carbon market construction plan. The registration system and trading system construction, historical data reporting and verification, and capacity building have begun. In the next step, the competent national authorities will speed up the introduction of a package of supporting policies such as the Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading in the Country.
Industry experts believe that in the construction phase of the national carbon market, more attention should be paid to exploring the reasons for the differences in the previous pilot carbon markets, and provide experience for improving market mechanism design and related policy formulation. At the same time, the integration of the carbon emission trading system with other energy and climate policies such as carbon tax and electricity reform is also the key to the next step.
It is understood that a number of carbon trading markets have been established globally. Since 2011, China has launched carbon emission trading pilots in seven provinces and cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong and Shenzhen, and in 2014 All launched online transactions. As of the end of 2017, the cumulative volume of the seven pilot carbon markets exceeded 200 million tons, and the cumulative turnover exceeded 4.7 billion yuan.
“Comprehensively, the market performance of each pilot carbon market is quite different, which is related to the difference between local energy consumption and carbon emissions, economic development level, and government supervision.†Associate Professor, Energy and Environmental Policy Research Center, Beijing Institute of Technology The study found that since the market opened, the average transaction price of each pilot carbon market in the country was about 20 yuan / ton, which is still lower than the measured marginal abatement cost. The carbon price trading price of the pilot market has not fully reflected the thermal power. The carbon marginal abatement cost of the industry.
On December 19, 2017, with the approval of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “National Carbon Emissions Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry)â€, marking the completion of the overall design of China's carbon emission trading system and its official launch. The power generation industry will be the breakthrough point, and the carbon market construction will be steadily promoted in three phases: the basic construction period, the simulation operation period, and the deepening and perfecting period.
Xie Zhenhua, China’s Special Representative for Climate Change, revealed at a recent meeting that he is now working hard to promote the nation’s carbon market. These include: accelerating the construction of the carbon market management system, and the competent national authorities will speed up the introduction of the National Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading, and study and formulate important supporting management systems such as corporate emissions reporting management methods and market transaction management methods. "In fact, some have already done it, waiting for approval."
According to the "Economic Information Daily" reporter, the National Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading has been easy to draft. Duan Maosheng, director of China Carbon Market Research Center of Tsinghua University, who participated in the drafting work, said in an interview that except for Beijing’s and Shenzhen’s decisions and regulations made by the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress and of local laws and regulations, other places are Based on the provincial (city) local regulations, it is recommended to speed up the issuance of the State Council regulations for the national system to ensure the effective implementation of the national system.
At the same time, the work of quota allocation is also progressing in an orderly manner. The "Economic Information Daily" reporter learned that the relevant departments recently held a meeting to introduce the progress of the national carbon market construction, saying that the "National Carbon Emissions Quota Total Setting and Allocation Plan" has been approved by the State Council and is expected to be published in the near future. Among them, in the power industry, in addition to power generation companies, grid line losses will also be included in the carbon market management. According to the regulations, each industry adopts the “industry benchmark method†or the “historical carbon intensity reduction method†according to its own characteristics. At present, relevant departments have entrusted Tsinghua University to carry out research on quota accounting technical specifications.
Xie Zhenhua also revealed that the national authorities will issue the national carbon emissions trading system's total amount allocation and distribution plan, and will formulate a set of scientific and reasonable data based on the basic data submitted by the localities, combined with the development of the industry and the needs of transformation and upgrading. The operability of the power generation industry quota allocation plan, according to the moderately tight principle of quota allocation, appropriately reflect the scarcity of carbon emissions, and lay a solid foundation for the next development of the carbon market.
Various localities have also successively implemented the “National Carbon Emissions Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry)†and proposed work plans. For example, Sichuan proposed to develop and improve the carbon market management system, participate in the promotion of the carbon market support system, conduct carbon market monitoring, report and The main tasks of verifying and strengthening the capacity building of the carbon market participants and actively cultivating the relevant industries in the carbon market.
It is understood that the current national carbon emission registration system and trading system construction is carrying out preliminary work, and each place also carries out historical data submission, accounting and verification for 2016-2017 in accordance with relevant national requirements, and formulates relevant work, the competent department The capacity building and management of various sectors, key emission units and third-party verification agencies will be strengthened.
“The entry threshold of 10,000 tons of standard coal makes the national carbon market cover almost all major thermal power enterprises. From 2018 to 2019, the national carbon market construction will be in the infrastructure construction and simulation operation period, and the power generation cost for the power generation industry will not be temporarily saved. The actual impact is expected. It is expected that after the start of the quota spot trading in the national carbon market in 2020, the role of carbon trading in controlling the carbon dioxide emissions of the power generation industry and reducing the cost of carbon emission reduction will gradually emerge." Wang Ke said.
In the view of Liu Shuang, director of the China Low Carbon Transformation Project of the Energy Foundation, the integration of the carbon emission trading system with other energy climate policies will be the key to the next step. If the current electricity price control mechanism remains unchanged, it will be difficult to establish an effective carbon pricing impact transmission, send price signals to power consumers, and ultimately undermine the original intention of using market means to promote industry emission reduction.
Wang Ke believes that when the time is ripe, carbon tax should be introduced as a supplementary means to rely on market mechanisms for carbon emission reduction. Duan Maosheng also proposed to summarize domestic pilot results, learn from foreign useful experience, further strengthen top-level design, and adopt carbon emission control targets to guide policies in related fields including energy conservation and renewable energy, so as to avoid uncoordinated and even conflicting policies in different fields.
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