Method for controlling pests and diseases after apples fall

After the apple blossoms fall, pest and disease management should be integrated with year-round control strategies. Key pests and diseases to monitor include apple aphids, codling moths, leaf spot disease, powdery mildew, and nutrient deficiency. Pesticides are necessary for controlling specific pests such as leafhoppers and ringworms after the bloom. 1. **Apple Leafhopper**: This pest has about 17 generations per year. The first and second instar larvae overwinter in the bark and soil near the base of the tree. Activity begins in mid-April, with peak infestations in June and September. Post-bloom is an ideal time for treatment. Commonly used sprays include 48% chlorpyrifos at 1500 times dilution, 10% imidacloprid at 2000 times, and 5% acetamiprid at 2000 times. Focus on spraying the trunk and lower branches. 2. **Codling Moth**: There are approximately five generations per year. The larvae overwinter in leaves, and adults emerge in early April. After the apples fall, adult generations appear in early June, July, August, and mid-to-late September. Prevention should focus on the late stage of adult activity. Common treatments include 50% phoxim at 1000 times, 25% chlorfenapyr at 1500 times, and 20% fenvalerate at 2000 times. Target the underside of leaves. 3. **Apple Spider Mites**: There are three main species: mountain plant leafhopper, apple full claw mite, and two-spotted spider mite. The hawthorn leafhopper can have 6–10 generations annually, with females overwintering on the trunk. After the bloom, they move to the back of new shoots. Apple full claw mites have 6–7 generations, with eggs overwintering on young branches. Post-bloom, the second generation of nymphs appears. Two-spotted spider mites behave similarly. Treatments include 15% Qilin at 2000 times, 1.8% abamectin at 3000 times, and compound preparations. 4. **Powdery Mildew**: This disease mainly affects the Red Star series. The pathogen survives in orchard trees and weeds. It infects during flowering and becomes visible after harvest. Early flowering is a good time for prevention using 400% sulfur suspension at 400 times, 10% oxytetracycline (Polyan) at 1500 times during bloom, and 50% carbendazim or 40% Fuxing at 8000 times post-flowering. 5. **Leaf Spot Disease**: Also prevalent in the Red Star series, this disease overwinters on damaged leaves, shoots, and buds. It spreads quickly and can re-infect multiple times. Control measures after bloom include 10% oxytetracycline (Polylia) at 1500 times, 50% chlorhexidine at 1200 times, and 80% mancozeb at 800 times. 6. **Ring Rot**: This disease primarily affects the Fuji series. The pathogen overwinters on the trunk and spreads when temperatures rise. Ring rot is a critical issue in apple cultivation. Regular monitoring and early intervention are essential. Treatments include 80% mancozeb at 800 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800 times, 80% aluminum phosphite at 600 times, 50% carbendazim at 500 times, and 40% Fuxing at 8000 times. 7. **Black Spot Disease**: This occurs only on bagged fruit. The pathogen overwinters on infected fruit and leaves. The best time for prevention is 10–30 days after blooming, similar to other fungal infections. Proper timing and targeted application of pesticides are crucial for effective pest and disease management. Always follow label instructions and consider environmental impact when choosing treatments.

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