Classification of gold

Metals are generally divided into two main categories: ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metals, which contain iron, include pure iron and steel—both known for their strength, affordability, and widespread use in construction and manufacturing. These materials form the backbone of many industrial applications due to their durability and cost-effectiveness.

Non-ferrous metals, on the other hand, do not contain iron and are further categorized into precious metals, base metals, and alloys. These metals are often used in jewelry, electronics, and specialized industries due to their unique properties. Among them, gold stands out for its beauty, rarity, and resistance to corrosion. Gold’s natural luster and malleability make it a popular choice for both fine jewelry and investment purposes.

According to geological studies, gold is considered one of the rarest elements on Earth, with the exception of tantalum, which was discovered in 1802. This rarity contributes to its high value and enduring appeal. In addition to gold, platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are also classified as precious metals. While they share similar chemical properties, platinum is more stable and typically more expensive. Palladium, however, plays a significant role in industrial applications such as catalytic converters and electronics.

Another important non-ferrous metal used in jewelry is silver. It comes in different purities, including sterling silver and 925 silver. The latter, often labeled as S925, is the most common type found in the market. Pure silver, while less common, is used for handmade or artisanal pieces and tends to be more expensive due to its higher purity.

When it comes to gold, its purity is measured in karats (K). One karat equals approximately 4.166% of the total weight, so 24K represents pure gold, while 18K contains 75% gold mixed with other metals to enhance its hardness and color variations. These alloys can produce different hues, such as white gold (often mistaken for platinum), yellow gold, and rose gold, each marked with specific standards like G750 for 18K gold.

In jewelry, each metal is typically marked with a fraction indicating its purity, such as 925 for silver or 18K for gold. These markings help consumers identify the quality and value of the piece they are purchasing. Understanding these classifications not only enhances appreciation for the materials but also supports informed decisions when buying or investing in precious metals.