Mini radish is a small radish with a short growth period and rapid growth of fleshy roots. It is less than 1 month long. The root bark is dark red and beautiful in color. It can be eaten raw, fried or pickled. The flavor is unique and it is high quality. Pollution of vegetables is popular among consumers. The cultivation techniques are now introduced as follows:
First, the variety selection
At present, there are no large-scale radish varieties that have been promoted in large scale in China. The imported varieties mainly include Japan's “Twenty Days Big Roots†and “Forty Days Big Rootsâ€, among which the cultivation of “Twenty Days Big Roots†is more common. The fleshy roots of these two varieties are round, with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, and the fully expanded single root weighs 15 to 20 g (the product requires a single root weight of 10 to 12 g), the root bark is red, and the meat is white. It is 20~25 cm high, adaptable and heat-resistant. It is suitable for cultivation in early spring, autumn open field and winter protection. The main difference between the two is: the former prefers mild climate, the growth period is 20 to 25 days; the latter has strong cold resistance, and the growth period is 30 to 35 days. This article takes "Twenty Days Big Root" as an example to briefly introduce the key points of its cultivation techniques.
Second, the soil requirements
The mini-radish has a small fleshy root and a short growing period. The sandy loam should be selected with loose texture and good irrigation and drainage. The thickness of the soil layer is not strict. The depth can be more than 20 cm. There should be no stones, rubble and other debris in the soil. To avoid the occurrence of bifurcation and other deformities in the fleshy roots. It is not advisable to choose mature vegetable fields that have been planted for many years. Because the topsoil is relatively fertile, and the nitrogen is generally high, it is easy to cause the leaves to grow, causing imbalance of nutrients and more roots, thus affecting the normal expansion of the roots. In addition, the pathogens in the cooked vegetables have a large number of pests and are prone to pests and diseases.
Third, the whole land to do the 畦 沂 沂
The mini radish is cultivated in a suitable soil, and the fleshy root can be enlarged, the shape is correct, the outer skin is smooth, the color is beautiful, and the quality is good. Therefore, the land preparation requires deep cultivation of the soil, smooth and meticulous, and uniform fertilization, in order to promote the increase of effective nutrients and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and to store water and fertilizer, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients and water by the roots. Fertilization is based on base fertilizer. Generally, there is no need for topdressing. Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer can be applied at one time. Generally, about 2000 kg per mu of fermented manure is used as base fertilizer. If the fertilization is uneven, it is easy to cause local fertilizer damage. After the land preparation, it will be made flat, and the width of the raft will be 1 to 1.2 meters, which is convenient for field management.
Fourth, sowing
In the open field, the spring is generally from mid-March to late April, and in the autumn from early August to early October, greenhouse cultivation can be arranged from mid-October to early March. When the temperature in the deep winter is low, the greenhouse is closed for 7 to 10 days before sowing, and the ground temperature in the shed is stable at 5 °C or above. Due to the high temperature and rain in summer, the quality of fleshy roots is poor and it is not suitable for planting. In order to facilitate post-harvest processing and processing, it is advisable to adopt a batch staggered sowing date. 3 to 4 days before sowing, the bottom water is poured, the water is evenly oozing, and the topsoil is sown when the topsoil is slightly dry. The line spacing is 15 cm, the plant spacing is 3 cm, the sowing depth is 1.5 to 2 cm, and the seeding amount is 1000-1200 g.
V. Field Management
Mini radish has a short growth period and field management is relatively simple. If the open field is cultivated before the emergence of the seedlings, it may cause soil compaction, and the soil should be loosened in time to make the germinated seeds unearthed. Less watering during the seedling period is conducive to suppressing the upper and lower parts of the ground. It takes about 15 days from the break to the fleshy roots. During this period, the soil should be kept moist, but the dryness is not too wet. The watering should be uniform, and the soil moisture content should be 70%-80%. If the water is insufficient, the root of the fleshy root will increase, resulting in rough skin, strong spicy taste, and sorrow. In winter protection, cultivation should pay attention to heat preservation and cold protection. It should be kept at 15~20°C during the day after emergence and 8~10°C at night, not lower than 5°C. After the seedlings are broken, the shed temperature during the period of the fleshy root expansion is maintained at 13-18 °C. Generally, the fertilizer can not be topdressed during the growth period. If the plant is too short or the color of the leaves is yellow, a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied with the watering, and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed. Timely cultivating and weeding is beneficial to keep the soil loose, prevent topsoil and promote normal expansion of fleshy roots.
Sixth, the main pests and diseases control
1. Tripping disease: It is easy to occur in the seedling stage of repeated heavy plots, and it usually occurs within 5 to 6 days after emergence. Simple control method: The kimchi water used for processing kimchi and sauerkraut is mixed with a small amount of active milk, diluted with water at a ratio of 1:4 to 5, sprayed once every 2 to 3 days, and the lactic acid bacteria can effectively inhibit the disease. occur.
2. Black spot disease: fungal disease. Before the onset, use 75% chlorothalonil 500-600 times solution or 50% keering powder 1500 times solution, and control once every 5 to 7 days. In the early stage of the disease, spray 50% carbendazim 800 times solution and spray once a week.
3. Aphids and cabbage caterpillars: It is easy to occur when there is high temperature and drought. Pay attention to timely drought-resistant watering. In the early stage of pest control, spray with 2.5% deltamethrin 2000~2500 times.
Seventh, the collection of
The mini radish can be harvested in spring and autumn for 20 to 22 days, and the winter season can reach 28 to 32 days. When the fleshy root diameter is more than 2 cm and the single ball weighs 10 to 12 g, it should be harvested in time. The harvesting affects the production too early, and the amount of fleshy root fiber increases when it is too late, which is prone to cracking and smashing, affecting product quality. Water the soil before harvesting to make the soil soft and moist. When harvesting, the stems and leaves together with the fleshy roots can be pulled up. After harvesting, pick the fleshy roots with bright color and shape, and wash them with leaves to be marketed. The general commodity output can reach 1 kg/m2.
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