For a long time, the demand for glycerin in the Chinese market is very strong, and domestic glycerin can not meet the market demand, and a large amount of imports are needed every year to make up for the gap.
It can be seen from the relevant data analysis that in recent years, the import of glycerin has increased by a large margin, and this trend is difficult to change in the short term.
Wide use and demand
Glycerol, known as glycerol, is an organic polyol compound that is well known and widely used in the daily chemical industry and the pharmaceutical industry. Glycerin has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) as a pharmaceutical excipient, solvent and suspending agent. It has also been included in the US Pharmacopoeia (USP32-N27), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP2015), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP2010) and other multinational pharmacopoeias as well as the European Pharmacopoeia (EP9.0) and the International Pharmacopoeia (Fourth Edition).
The industrial production methods of glycerin can be divided into two major categories: a method using natural oils and fats as a raw material, the obtained glycerin is called natural glycerin, and a synthetic method using propylene as a raw material, and the obtained glycerin is called synthetic glycerin. Prior to 1984, glycerol was recovered from by-products of animal and vegetable fat soaps. So far, natural oils and fats are still the main raw material for the production of glycerin, of which about 42% of natural glycerin comes from soap by-products and 58% comes from fatty acid production.
The pathway for the synthesis of glycerol from propylene can be grouped into two broad categories, namely the chlorination process and the oxidation process. Propylene chlorination and propylene non-scheduled acetic acid oxidation are still used in the industry. This is the most important production method for the synthesis of glycerol.
At present, the production of natural glycerin and synthetic glycerin is almost 50% of the world, and the propylene chlorination method accounts for about 80% of the synthetic glycerin production. In China, natural glycerin accounts for more than 90% of total production.
Glycerin is widely used in a wide range of industries including food, coatings, textiles, printing and dyeing, paper making, cosmetics, tanning, photography, printing, metal processing, electrical materials and rubber. In medicine, it is mainly used to prepare various preparations, solvents, hygroscopic agents, antifreeze agents and sweeteners, and to prepare external ointments or suppositories.
Nowadays, glycerin is distributed in the main consumption areas of China: about 50% of alkyd resin, about 17% of medicinal and cosmetics, and about 7% of tobacco. The main consumer sectors in the United States are: medicinal and cosmetic products account for about 40%, tobacco accounts for about 15%, and food accounts for about 15%. The global average is about 37% for medicinal and cosmetic products, 13% for alkyd resins, and about 12% for food.
Long-term dependence on imports
According to relevant experts, in 2000, the global glycerin market capacity was 750,000 tons, in 2005 it was 960,000 tons, and in 2010 it reached 1.1 million tons. According to relevant data, in 2004, the global glycerin production capacity has reached about 1.3 million tons, the consumption is 970,000 tons, and the current global production capacity is about 2 million tons.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the demand for China's glycerin market was around 150,000 tons, and in 2008 the market capacity reached 250,000 tons. In recent years, due to the continuous development of China's economy, the market demand for glycerin has grown rapidly, and has reached about 350,000 tons.
In the 20 years from the 1980s to the early 21st century, the annual output of glycerin in China has been around 30,000 tons, which is not commensurate with the rapid development of the economy. In recent years, although the production of glycerol has increased, the overall increase is not large. On the other hand, due to the increasing demand for glycerin in the domestic market, the import volume of glycerin has increased year by year, and the dependence on foreign countries is increasing. In 2005, China's glycerin imports were 79,300 tons, and in 2006, imports reached 97,200 tons. In recent years, the import of glycerin has been rising. In 2014, China imported 164,000 tons of glycerin and the import value was US$123 million. In 2015, it broke through the 200,000-ton mark, reaching 215,000 tons, a year-on-year growth rate of 31.1%, nearly three times that of 2005, and the import value reached $128 million.
China's main source of glycerin is imported from Asia, especially in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, etc. Among them, Malaysia and Indonesia are the main importers of glycerin in China. In 2013, China imported the most glycerin from Malaysia. To 48.0% of total imports, glycerin imports from Indonesia accounted for 40.9%. The amount of glycerin imported from these two countries accounts for 88.8% of China's total imports.
At the same time as a large number of imports, China also has a small amount of glycerin exports, but compared with the import volume, it seems insignificant. In 2015, China exported only 4,316 tons of glycerin, and the trade deficit reached 210,000 tons. The export value was 3.32 million US dollars and the trade deficit was 125 million US dollars.
Production bottleneck is to be broken
According to analysis, in the next few years, China's large import of glycerin to meet the domestic market demand will continue, and it will be difficult to change in the short term.
For a long time, the glycerin produced in China has mainly come from by-products of oleochemicals. Fatty oils (hydrocarbons) or fatty acid esters are obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis, accompanied by about one-tenth of glycerol, which is the main source of glycerol. Hydrolysis of fats and oils to make fatty acids or soaps is an ancient industry, and the Chinese soap industry has a history of more than 100 years. However, due to China's large population, there are insufficient oil resources. For a long time, most of the oleochemical raw materials are oil feet (acidified oil) produced during oil processing, animal fats by-products from meat processing plants, waste oil from restaurant industry (ditch oil), etc., and some non-edible oils (castor oil, etc.). ), therefore, the overall size is small and the technology is backward.
The glycerin industry is also one of the weakest links in the Chinese chemical industry. Over the years, China has not carried out much research and development work on the production, refining and utilization of glycerol. At present, the technology of producing glycerol by fermentation only has been fully studied in China, and the chemical law has been rarely consulted.
According to incomplete statistics, in the early 21st century, China had about 100 fatty acid production enterprises with a total production capacity of about 450,000 tons per year and a production of about 300,000 to 350,000 tons. Glycerol is a by-product of the soap industry. The total output is between 20,000 and 30,000 tons. However, due to the extrusion of the detergent industry, the production scale of the Chinese soap industry has been stagnant at around 600,000 tons for many years, and the corresponding glycerin production has also stagnated. In 2003, the total production capacity of natural fatty alcohol in China was less than 100,000 tons, so the amount of by-produced glycerin was also very limited.
Recently, China's oleochemical industry has developed rapidly, and foreign-funded enterprises and private capital have entered the industry. At the same time, the biodiesel industry has also begun to develop rapidly, and has attracted the attention and encouragement of relevant government departments, and it is possible to change the face of China's glycerin industry in the future. Despite this, in the short term, China's domestic glycerin will still be far from meeting market demand in the next few years, and a large number of imported foreign glycerin will continue for several years.
It can be seen from the relevant data analysis that in recent years, the import of glycerin has increased by a large margin, and this trend is difficult to change in the short term.
Wide use and demand
Glycerol, known as glycerol, is an organic polyol compound that is well known and widely used in the daily chemical industry and the pharmaceutical industry. Glycerin has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) as a pharmaceutical excipient, solvent and suspending agent. It has also been included in the US Pharmacopoeia (USP32-N27), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP2015), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP2010) and other multinational pharmacopoeias as well as the European Pharmacopoeia (EP9.0) and the International Pharmacopoeia (Fourth Edition).
The industrial production methods of glycerin can be divided into two major categories: a method using natural oils and fats as a raw material, the obtained glycerin is called natural glycerin, and a synthetic method using propylene as a raw material, and the obtained glycerin is called synthetic glycerin. Prior to 1984, glycerol was recovered from by-products of animal and vegetable fat soaps. So far, natural oils and fats are still the main raw material for the production of glycerin, of which about 42% of natural glycerin comes from soap by-products and 58% comes from fatty acid production.
The pathway for the synthesis of glycerol from propylene can be grouped into two broad categories, namely the chlorination process and the oxidation process. Propylene chlorination and propylene non-scheduled acetic acid oxidation are still used in the industry. This is the most important production method for the synthesis of glycerol.
At present, the production of natural glycerin and synthetic glycerin is almost 50% of the world, and the propylene chlorination method accounts for about 80% of the synthetic glycerin production. In China, natural glycerin accounts for more than 90% of total production.
Glycerin is widely used in a wide range of industries including food, coatings, textiles, printing and dyeing, paper making, cosmetics, tanning, photography, printing, metal processing, electrical materials and rubber. In medicine, it is mainly used to prepare various preparations, solvents, hygroscopic agents, antifreeze agents and sweeteners, and to prepare external ointments or suppositories.
Nowadays, glycerin is distributed in the main consumption areas of China: about 50% of alkyd resin, about 17% of medicinal and cosmetics, and about 7% of tobacco. The main consumer sectors in the United States are: medicinal and cosmetic products account for about 40%, tobacco accounts for about 15%, and food accounts for about 15%. The global average is about 37% for medicinal and cosmetic products, 13% for alkyd resins, and about 12% for food.
Long-term dependence on imports
According to relevant experts, in 2000, the global glycerin market capacity was 750,000 tons, in 2005 it was 960,000 tons, and in 2010 it reached 1.1 million tons. According to relevant data, in 2004, the global glycerin production capacity has reached about 1.3 million tons, the consumption is 970,000 tons, and the current global production capacity is about 2 million tons.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the demand for China's glycerin market was around 150,000 tons, and in 2008 the market capacity reached 250,000 tons. In recent years, due to the continuous development of China's economy, the market demand for glycerin has grown rapidly, and has reached about 350,000 tons.
In the 20 years from the 1980s to the early 21st century, the annual output of glycerin in China has been around 30,000 tons, which is not commensurate with the rapid development of the economy. In recent years, although the production of glycerol has increased, the overall increase is not large. On the other hand, due to the increasing demand for glycerin in the domestic market, the import volume of glycerin has increased year by year, and the dependence on foreign countries is increasing. In 2005, China's glycerin imports were 79,300 tons, and in 2006, imports reached 97,200 tons. In recent years, the import of glycerin has been rising. In 2014, China imported 164,000 tons of glycerin and the import value was US$123 million. In 2015, it broke through the 200,000-ton mark, reaching 215,000 tons, a year-on-year growth rate of 31.1%, nearly three times that of 2005, and the import value reached $128 million.
China's main source of glycerin is imported from Asia, especially in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, etc. Among them, Malaysia and Indonesia are the main importers of glycerin in China. In 2013, China imported the most glycerin from Malaysia. To 48.0% of total imports, glycerin imports from Indonesia accounted for 40.9%. The amount of glycerin imported from these two countries accounts for 88.8% of China's total imports.
At the same time as a large number of imports, China also has a small amount of glycerin exports, but compared with the import volume, it seems insignificant. In 2015, China exported only 4,316 tons of glycerin, and the trade deficit reached 210,000 tons. The export value was 3.32 million US dollars and the trade deficit was 125 million US dollars.
Production bottleneck is to be broken
According to analysis, in the next few years, China's large import of glycerin to meet the domestic market demand will continue, and it will be difficult to change in the short term.
For a long time, the glycerin produced in China has mainly come from by-products of oleochemicals. Fatty oils (hydrocarbons) or fatty acid esters are obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis, accompanied by about one-tenth of glycerol, which is the main source of glycerol. Hydrolysis of fats and oils to make fatty acids or soaps is an ancient industry, and the Chinese soap industry has a history of more than 100 years. However, due to China's large population, there are insufficient oil resources. For a long time, most of the oleochemical raw materials are oil feet (acidified oil) produced during oil processing, animal fats by-products from meat processing plants, waste oil from restaurant industry (ditch oil), etc., and some non-edible oils (castor oil, etc.). ), therefore, the overall size is small and the technology is backward.
The glycerin industry is also one of the weakest links in the Chinese chemical industry. Over the years, China has not carried out much research and development work on the production, refining and utilization of glycerol. At present, the technology of producing glycerol by fermentation only has been fully studied in China, and the chemical law has been rarely consulted.
According to incomplete statistics, in the early 21st century, China had about 100 fatty acid production enterprises with a total production capacity of about 450,000 tons per year and a production of about 300,000 to 350,000 tons. Glycerol is a by-product of the soap industry. The total output is between 20,000 and 30,000 tons. However, due to the extrusion of the detergent industry, the production scale of the Chinese soap industry has been stagnant at around 600,000 tons for many years, and the corresponding glycerin production has also stagnated. In 2003, the total production capacity of natural fatty alcohol in China was less than 100,000 tons, so the amount of by-produced glycerin was also very limited.
Recently, China's oleochemical industry has developed rapidly, and foreign-funded enterprises and private capital have entered the industry. At the same time, the biodiesel industry has also begun to develop rapidly, and has attracted the attention and encouragement of relevant government departments, and it is possible to change the face of China's glycerin industry in the future. Despite this, in the short term, China's domestic glycerin will still be far from meeting market demand in the next few years, and a large number of imported foreign glycerin will continue for several years.
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