1. We have taken the following measures with reference to the knowledge of diving medical protection:
First, select the training workers according to the requirements of diving medicine: select the workers from the defense units according to the principles of good health and psychological quality. The second is to train the operators with reference to the diver training method. Third, the diving equipment was modified into a respiratory protection equipment: the 69-III light diving equipment was modified: (1) the compressed air or mixed gas was supplied by the air supply pipe (21% < O2 < 50%), and the gas supply time was not limited; (2) 12 L compressed air bottle is changed to emergency 1.3 L 2-8 oxygen cylinder to reduce the weight of the respirator; (3) The primary pressure reducer is replaced by a mixed oxygen supply buffer gas storage device [1], output pressure 0.5～0.7 MPa; (4) The respiratory mask adopts a standard gas mask mask and is connected with the secondary pressure reducer; (5) A gas sound receiver is connected to the diving phone at the gas mask side of the gas mask; (6) According to the heating The principle of diving suits has produced water-cooled temperature-control protective clothing for construction workers in high temperature environment [2]. The fourth is to introduce the implementation method of diving operation into the organization and management of the unloading project construction: (1) Set up the unloading work platform at the top opening of the reactor, and deploy according to the requirements of the diving operation platform, set up a diving doctor, safety rope guardian, (2) inspection and confirmation of equipment such as equipment, respiratory source, lighting, communication, and television monitoring before operation; (3) inspection and confirmation of the operator after dressing; (4) At the same time, two operators shall be arranged in the reactor, construction shall be carried out according to the rules of diving operation, and mutual monitoring shall be paid; (5) during the unloading operation of the personnel, each incumbent shall hold the post and play a guardianship role; (6) Diving operations require up and down communication. The fifth is to provide medical support according to the requirements of diving medicine during the unloading operation: (1) physical examination before the reactor operation; (2) comprehensive judgment through direct monitoring of the top opening of the reactor, telephone inquiry, television behavior monitoring and respiratory heart rate monitoring device The physical condition of the operator and the working time in the reactor are restricted; (3) the physical examination after the operation; (4) the characteristics of the nitrogen suffocation and poison gas poisoning accidents are likely to occur for the workers [3], and the heart, lung and brain resuscitation equipment are added on site. Medical staff and a portable single hyperbaric oxygen chamber [4]; (5) careful preparation of emergency plans for workers after an accident; (6) medical tracking after the completion of the unloading project.
The results of the above measures are as follows: (1) Improve the protective performance of respiratory equipment: At that time, the respiratory protection equipment equipped by petrochemical enterprises was self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus and ventilated breathing apparatus . The former had limited air supply time; the latter ventilation volume Big. In order to prevent the oxygen concentration in the reactor from rising, the exhaust pipe is used to exhaust the air in the mask from the outside of the reactor, and the breathing dead space is large, and the working time and depth of using the tool are limited. After the submersible equipment has been modified, it has two kinds of air supply modes: self-carrying and pipe supply. The gas supply is small, and the exhaled gas of the operator can be directly discharged into the reactor, plus the uninterrupted nitrogen flow from bottom to top. It can effectively control the increase of oxygen concentration in the reactor and the resulting increase in working environment temperature and toxic gas concentration [5]. (2) Improve labor efficiency and safety: the total number of unloading operations for the three hydrogenation reactor unloading projects is 32 days, 424 operators, and the total operation time in anaerobic and toxic environments is 446 hours. The working time is 20 to 150 minutes, with an average of 63.11 minutes. The depth of the reactor is 1 to 21 m. The operators are safe and accident free. It has changed the capacity of domestic petrochemical enterprises to reduce the unloading capacity of hydrogenation reactors to 5 m (partial unloading), the operation time per person is limited to 30 minutes, and the casualty accident rate is high [5]. (3) It is scientific to make the organization management and medical support of the construction under industrial anaerobic and toxic environment: the implementation of the three-time hydrogenation reactor unloading project overcomes the industrial industry with reference to the implementation method of diving operation and diving medical insurance. The blindness and disorder of implementing such operations.
2. Discussion:
The petrochemical hydrogenation reactor unloading construction is a kind of operation under the atmospheric pressure toxic and anaerobic environment. The operation methods, steps, respiratory protection requirements of the operators and the safety of the operators are basically the same as the diving operations. The hydrogen reactor unloading operation is considered as: "Dive operations without a change in hydrostatic pressure in a gaseous environment." Because the industrial oxygen-free and toxic environment is the atmospheric gas environment, the working environment conditions are better than the diving operation, and it is effective for the monitoring of workers in the anaerobic and toxic environment. Therefore, the diving medical knowledge is used to guide the industrial anaerobic and toxic environment. Personnel operations can provide reliable safety for workers. At present, the state labor management department has not included such toxic and anaerobic environment construction and operation personnel into special management, and the industrial industry has not been able to formulate effective safety management measures. Therefore, the diving medical knowledge and related technologies are reasonably introduced into industrial anaerobic and toxic environment operations, which not only makes the organization management and medical safety guarantee of the construction scientific [6], but also improves the labor efficiency of the workers under such conditions. Safety has expanded the scope of application of diving medicine, and can also provide reference for scientific management of national labor management departments, with great economic and social benefits.
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