A rock drill is a simple, light, and economical boring machine that drills blastholes in rock formations so that explosives can be placed to blast the rock to complete the extraction of rock or other stonework. Widely used in road construction, infrastructure construction, mining and other industries, it is an important machine in the mining of stone blocks. Today Xiao Bian came to talk about the basic classification, working principle, and operating procedures of rock drillers.
Rock drill working principle
The rock drill works according to the principle of impact crushing. When working, the piston makes high-frequency reciprocating motion and constantly impacts the brazing tail. Under the action of the impact force, the wedge-shaped heads crush the rock and cut it into a certain depth to form a dent. After the piston is retracted, the brazed turns a certain angle, the piston moves forward, and when it hits the braze again, a new dent is formed. The fan-shaped rock between the two dents is cut by the horizontal force generated by the drill head. The piston constantly impacts the brazing tail, and continuously inputs compressed air or pressure water from the center hole of the brazing material and discharges the rock slag out of the hole, that is, forms a circular hole with a certain depth.
Basic classification of rock drill
1, wind-type
The pneumatic type uses compressed air to drive the piston forward in the cylinder, so that the steel drill hits the rock, which is the most widely used.
2, electric type
The electric type is driven by the electric motor through a crank connecting rod mechanism to drive the hammer to impact the steel drill and gouge the rock. And the use of powder discharge mechanism to discharge stone debris, internal combustion using the principle of internal combustion engines, through the explosive power of gasoline to drive the piston to impact the steel drill, gouge rock. Suitable for construction sites without power supply and air supply.
3, hydraulic
The hydraulic type relies on hydraulic pressure to impact the steel brazing by inert gas and impact body and gouge the rock. When the impact mechanism of these rock drills is returning, the rotary bracing mechanism forces the brazing steel to rotate so that the bit changes its position and continues to gouge the rock. Through the detonation force of diesel, the piston is impacted by the piston, so that it constantly impacts and rotates, and the chipping hole can be formed by discharging the chippings using the powder discharging mechanism.
4, internal combustion
The internal combustion rock drill does not need to replace the internal parts of the machine head. Simply move the handle according to the requirements and you can work. It has the advantages of convenient operation, more time saving, labor saving, fast cutting speed and high efficiency. Holes are drilled in the rock and can be drilled vertically downwards, horizontally upwards less than 45° and drilled up to six metres deepest. No matter in high mountains and flat lands, it can work in the extreme cold of 40° or the freezing cold below -40°. This machine has a wide range of adaptability.
The internal combustion rock driller has the functions of quarrying, crushing, compacting, shoveling and chiseling, such as mining and drilling, construction, cement pavement, and asphalt pavement. It is widely used in mining, construction, firefighting, geological exploration, road building, and quarrying. Construction, defense engineering, etc.
Rock drill operating procedures
(a) Preparation before starting up
1. Newly purchased rock drills are internally coated with anti-rust grease with high viscosity and must be removed clearly before use. When reloading, Mina needs to lubricate each moving part. After installation, the rock driller is connected to the air pressure line, and a small wind is running to check whether the operation is normal.
2. Inject oil into the automatic oiler. Common oils are 20#, 30#, and 40# oil. Lubricant containers should be clean, covered, and protected from oil and dirt.
3. Check the wind pressure and water pressure at the work site. The wind pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa. If the air pressure is too high, the mechanical parts will be damaged. If the air pressure is too low, the rock drilling efficiency and rusted mechanical parts will be reduced. The water pressure is generally 0.2-0.3 MPa. If the water pressure is too high, the water will be poured into the machine to destroy the lubrication and reduce the efficiency of the rock drill and the mechanical parts of the rust. If the water pressure is too low, the rinsing effect is poor.
4. Whether the use of brazing sub-substances meets the quality requirements, and unqualified brazing should not be used.
5. When the air duct is connected to the rock drill, the air should be blown out to blow off dirt. Water pipe, money, to clean the dirt at the joint, the wind pipe and water pipe must be tightened to prevent loss of injury.
6. Insert the shank into the drill head and forcefully turn the drill clockwise. If it does not move, it indicates that there is a jam in the machine and it should be dealt with promptly.
7. Tighten the bolts and open the air to check the operation of the propeller. Only when it is working properly can it start working.
8. Guide rock drills shall be erected with pillars and inspect the operation of the propellers. Air leg rock drills and upward rock drills must check the flexibility of their air legs.
9. The hydraulic rock drill should require good sealing of the hydraulic system to prevent the hydraulic oil from being contaminated to ensure that the hydraulic oil has a constant pressure.
(B) Work Precautions
1. When the eye is open, it should be rotated slowly. After the depth of the hole reaches 10-15mm, it will gradually turn into full operation. In the rock drilling process, the drill bit is designed to advance linearly and is located in the center of the hole.
2. When driving a rock, it should be a reasonable test drive shaft thrust. The shaft thrust is too small, the machine generates rebound, the vibration increases, and the rock drilling efficiency decreases. The shaft thrust is too large, and the brazing tightly closes the fundus, which makes the machine run under overload and it is easy to prematurely wear parts and slow the rock drilling speed. .
3, rock drill card drill, the axial thrust should be reduced to gradually normal. If it is not valid, stop it immediately. First use a wrench to slowly turn the drill rod, and then open the air pressure to make the brazing slowly rotate. It is forbidden to use the method of tapping the drill rod.
4, always observe the situation of powder discharge. When the powder is discharged normally, the mud flows slowly out of the hole; on the contrary, the hole must be blown. If it is still not valid, check the water hole and the shank condition of the brazing sub, then check the condition of the water needle and replace the damaged part.
5, pay attention to observe the amount of oil and oil out of the situation, adjust the amount of oil. When oil-free, it is easy to wear parts prematurely. When the lubricating oil is too much, it will cause work surface pollution.
6, the operation should pay attention to the sound of the machine, observe its operation, find problems and deal with it in time.
7. Pay attention to the working status of the brazing sub-substance and replace it in an abnormal manner.
8. When operating the upward rock drill, pay attention to the air supply of the air leg and prevent the rock drill from swinging up and down to cause accidents. The supporting point of the air leg must be reliable. Hand grip the machine can not be too tight and can not ride on the air leg to prevent injury.
9. Pay attention to the situation of rocks and avoid perforation along layers, joints and cracks. Do not break the eyes. Observe the dangers of roof fall and patch.
10, to effectively use the opening function. An important part of the drilling process is the opening, which is accomplished with reduced impact pressure and fixed propulsion pressure. The pushing pressure should be as small as possible so that holes can be drilled on the very steep rock face, and bending of the drill pipe can also be avoided.
According to its power source, rock drills can be divided into four categories: pneumatic rock drills, internal combustion rock drills, electric rock drills, and hydraulic rock drills. The scientific use and maintenance of rock drills are not only important for ensuring safe production and preventing the occurrence of malignant accidents, but also have important significance for improving the use performance, working life, and production efficiency of the equipment.
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