Classification of Membrane Structure Architectural Forms:
From the structural perspective, membrane structures can be categorized into three primary forms: Skeleton Membrane Structures, Tension Membrane Structures, and Inflatable Membrane Structures.
1. **Frame-Supported Structure** This type of membrane structure features a roof frame typically made from steel or laminated timber, supporting a tensile membrane above. The lower support structure provides excellent stability. With its relatively straightforward roof design, it allows for unrestricted openings, offering both cost-effectiveness and versatility. This makes it suitable for spaces of all sizes, from small to large-scale applications.
2. **Tension-Suspension Structure** The tension-suspension structure combines a membrane, steel cables, and struts to create a stable form through the introduction of tension via steel wires and struts. Not only is this form highly functional and visually appealing, but it also embodies the essence of membrane architecture. Recently, large-span spaces have adopted steel cables and compressed materials to form a cable-net system that supports the upper membrane. Despite requiring higher construction precision and offering superior structural performance, it carries a slightly higher price tag compared to the skeletal membrane structure.
3. **Pneumatic Structure** Inflatable membrane structures involve fixing the membrane material around the roof structure and using an air supply system to increase the internal air pressure. This pressure difference resists external forces, creating a structure supported by air pressure, with steel cables often acting as supplementary materials. Without the need for beams or columns, these structures offer more usable space, fast installation, and good economic efficiency. However, maintaining 24/7 blower operations and covering operational and maintenance costs can drive up expenses over time.
Today, membrane structures are becoming increasingly common in urban settings. They are now integrated into various architectural designs, playing a vital role in shaping modern cityscapes:
Inflatable Membrane Structure
One notable project showcasing membrane structures in China is the 80,000-seat stadium in Shanghai, completed in 1997. While the membrane structure was designed and manufactured by Weidlinger Associates of the U.S., it highlights the significant gap between China and advanced countries in this field. Current challenges facing the widespread adoption of membrane structures in China include subpar performance of domestic materials, high import costs, the absence of a comprehensive auxiliary design system, and a general lack of public awareness about their benefits.
In the 1970s, the U.S. Pavilion and the Fuji Pavilion at the Osaka World Expo in Japan showcased membrane structures, sparking considerable interest in the construction industry. The "Georgia Dome" for the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, measuring 240m x 193m in elliptical shape, remains one of the most iconic examples. To mark the arrival of the new millennium, the UK constructed the "Millennium Dome" in London, boasting a diameter of 320m and covering an exhibition area of 80,000 square meters. The dome’s unique membrane structure, made from 72 pieces of PVC-coated fiberglass fabric panels, reflects the cutting-edge advancements in building technology and materials science.
Increasingly concerned by people , round led high Bay Light fixtures are used widely . Concentrating on each aspect of lighting products , WOSEN has its own engineering team and quality inspection department . For our led high bay warehouse lighting fixture , we use cold-forging technology to ensure excellent cooling performance of led high bay lights as well as smaller and lighter.
Application: Outdoor
IP rating: IP65
Emitting Color: 2700K-6500K
Input Voltage:120V
Power: 100w/150w/200w
Approved: ETL/DLC/Energy Star/CE
Led High Bay Light,Led High Bay Lighting,Led High Bay Lights,Led High Bay
WOSEN LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY LIMITED , http://www.wosenled.com