Roller Bearing Layout and Types

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The basic layout of a rolling bearing is based on the concept of sliding bearings, but it replaces sliding friction with rolling friction. It typically consists of two rings (inner and outer), a set of rolling elements (such as balls or rollers), and a cage. This design makes rolling bearings highly versatile, standardized, and widely used in mechanical systems. Each component plays a specific role. In radial bearings, the inner ring usually fits with the shaft, while the outer ring supports the housing. In some cases, the outer ring may rotate while the inner ring remains fixed. For thrust bearings, the shaft ring moves with the shaft, while the housing ring provides support. The rolling elements, such as balls or rollers, are placed between the two rings and guided by the cage to ensure smooth motion. Their shape, size, and number directly affect the bearing's load capacity and performance. ### Section 2: Classification of Rolling Bearings #### 1. Classification by Load Direction or Contact Angle - **Radial Bearings**: Designed to handle radial loads, with a contact angle between 0° and 45°. - *Radial Contact Bearings*: Contact angle is 0°. - *Angular Contact Radial Bearings*: Contact angle is between 0° and 45°. - **Thrust Bearings**: Used for axial loads, with a contact angle between 45° and 90°. - *Axial Contact Bearings*: Contact angle is 90°. - *Angular Contact Thrust Bearings*: Contact angle is between 45° and 90°. #### 2. Classification by Rolling Elements - **Ball Bearings**: Use balls as rolling elements. - **Roller Bearings**: Use cylindrical, tapered, or needle-shaped rollers. - *Cylindrical Roller Bearings*: Length-to-diameter ratio ≤ 3. - *Needle Bearings*: Length-to-diameter ratio > 3, with diameter ≤ 5mm. - *Tapered Roller Bearings*: Tapered rollers for combined radial and axial loads. - *Spherical Roller Bearings*: Spherical rollers for self-aligning applications. #### 3. Classification by Adjustability - **Self-Aligning Bearings**: Allow for misalignment due to a spherical raceway. - **Non-Aligning (Rigid) Bearings**: Do not compensate for angular misalignment. #### 4. Classification by Number of Rows - **Single-Row Bearings**: One row of rolling elements. - **Double-Row Bearings**: Two rows of rolling elements. - **Multi-Row Bearings**: More than two rows, such as three-row or four-row bearings. #### 5. Classification by Separability - **Separable Bearings**: Can be disassembled into individual components. - **Non-Separable Bearings**: Cannot be separated without damage; parts are permanently assembled. #### 6. Classification by Design Features Bearings can also be categorized based on their shape, presence of grooves, rib structure, and whether they include a cage. ### Section 3: Size Classification Rolling bearings are classified by their outer diameter: - **Micro Bearings**: Outer diameter ≤ 26 mm. - **Small Bearings**: 28–55 mm. - **Small-to-Medium Bearings**: 60–115 mm. - **Medium-to-Large Bearings**: 120–190 mm. - **Large Bearings**: 200–430 mm. - **Extra Large Bearings**: ≥ 440 mm. ### Section 4: Manufacturing Process The production process varies depending on the type, design, material, and batch size. Common steps include: - **Ring Processing**: Raw materials are machined, heat-treated, and ground. - **Ball Processing**: Involves cold forming, grinding, and heat treatment. - **Roller Processing**: Similar to balls, but with different shaping methods. - **Cage Processing**: Can be made from sheet metal or solid materials, depending on the design. After all parts are manufactured and inspected, they are assembled in an installation workshop. The final steps include cleaning, inspection, rust prevention, packaging, and storage. ### Section 5: Advantages of Rolling Bearings Compared to sliding bearings, rolling bearings offer several benefits: 1. **Lower Friction Coefficient**: Rolling bearings have much lower friction (0.001–0.005) compared to sliding bearings (0.08–0.12). 2. **Standardization**: They are mass-produced, making them easy to source and replace. 3. **Durability**: Made from high-quality steel and heat-treated, they last longer and reduce the need for expensive non-ferrous metals. --- **Related Knowledge** NTN Bearing Heater Function and Operating Principle Rolling Bearing Residual Magnetism and Operating Conditions Common Failure Modes of Single-Row Cylindrical Roller Bearings Repair Methods for Static Bearings This article is provided by China Bearing Network. For more information, visit: [http://www.chinabearing.net](http://www.chinabearing.net) Previous: Rolling Bearing Device – Heating Method Next: FAG Cage and Data Classification

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