Entering June is the best time for fruit tree grafting. The peach tree is being grafted in the south. The northern walnut producing area is carrying out the bud grafting of walnuts, also known as the block bud. (Taking walnuts as an example, sharing the key points of grafting technology for everyone)
1, scion collection
Select the excellent variety of development branches, the semi-lignification does not stop growing Wangzhi, the buds will be collected when the germination is to be germinated, and the leaves will be cut off immediately after the cutting, only the petiole is kept 1.5-2 cm, pay attention to cover the picked scion with wet sacks, Prevent it from losing water. The scion is best used now. If it is not used at any time for various objective reasons, the scion can be bundled and placed in a container filled with clear water. The depth of the water is about 10 cm, the water is changed 2-3 times a day, and the upper part is covered with a wet sack. Put it in a cool place and store it for 3-4 days. Label the variety when it is available.
2, grafting time
The end of May to the end of July is appropriate, and the best time is throughout June. During this period, the buds sprouted quickly. The amount of graft growth is large. After the buds are healed, it is more conducive to seedlings in the same year. The premature survival rate is low, and the late buds do not germinate or grow in the same year, and it is difficult to winter.
3. Scion grafting
Bud selection, leaf buds under the petioles, if the buds under the petioles are fluffy, such buds are male flower buds, male flower buds can not be used as graft buds, should choose full leaf buds, can be used to extract branches after survival. Then cut off the petiole. The rootstock is trimmed and trimmed, leaving the branches to be grafted and removing the excess branches.
First, cut a knife at the 1-1.5 cm upper part of the scion and 1-1.5 cm below the stalk, cut the phloem, deep into the xylem, and then cut a knife on each side of the petiole, requiring depth to reach the xylem but not cutting the xylem. In order to make the tender buds easy to remove, the grafting buds have a high survival rate of full bud grafting in the middle and lower parts of the scion, and the removed buds are required to be 3 to 4 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. Bringing care buds is the key to survival.
Secondly, a knife is cut across the rootstock, the length is the same as the length of the taken bud, and then a knife is cut longitudinally on the outside. The depth of the knife edge is to cut the phloem but not the xylem, and the skin of the rootstock is picked up from the opening. Then peel off the 0.6-0.8 cm wide skin, then remove the cut buds on the scion and quickly attach it to the root of the rootstock. To avoid damage, do not rub the buds back and forth on the rootstock. After the plastic strip with a width of about 2 cm, the buds are tightly packed from bottom to top, and the buds are exposed, but it should not be too tight. It is better to use the fingers to lightly press the buds without loosening.
4, after the management
After grafting, the germination on the rootstock should be removed in time to promote the germination of the buds, usually except for 1 day in 10 days. Check for survival in about 10 days, the sign of survival is the petiole detachment or bud sprouting, and the survival is not completed in time. After the buds are alive, the rootstocks can be cut off about 2 cm above the buds to stimulate the growth of the buds. When grafting for 20-30 days, when the buds grow to 5-10 cm, the plastic strips can be removed for growth. When the length is about 30 cm, the topping is carried out to promote the ripening of the branches. In the middle and early November, the cold-proofing agent is applied to prevent freezing damage. Safe wintering.
According to the size of the tree, a tree can graft 5-15 buds, depending on the size of the tree. The block bud grafting is convenient and has a high survival rate. It is a practical technique for improving the variety of wenwan walnuts and edible walnuts and early results. (Agricultural Technology School)
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