Zhushan County is located in the upper reaches of Danjiangkou River, which is one of the most important water source areas and water and soil conservation areas in the national mid-line water transfer. Returning farmland to forests with severe soil erosion is an inevitable direction for Zhushan County to adjust the mountain agricultural structure and develop new mountain agriculture. However, after large-scale cultivation of cultivated land and returning farmland to forests, how to ensure that the economic income of farmers does not fall and the results of returning forests do not rebound, has become an important issue facing the people of Zhushan in the new situation.
In response to the above problems, on the basis of earnest investigation and research, the county decided to give full play to the local advantages of relying on the “medicine storehouse†of Huazhong, Shennongjia, and the rich resources of various Chinese herbal medicines. The vigorous development is not in violation of the national policy of returning farmland to forests. The technology of “under the forest†is to increase the income of local farmers. In the past few years, it has been proved that the medicines used in returning farmland to forests differ greatly from those in Daejeon. To improve the planting efficiency, we must pay attention to the six major problems.
1. Variety adaptability. First of all, the selected Chinese herbal medicines must be adapted to the local soil and climatic conditions, and suitable for growing in returning farmland to forest land. Since returning farmland to forestland is generally a mountainous slope, most of these cultivated land is thin, fertile, and susceptible to drought and easy grass. Therefore, in the selection of Chinese medicinal materials, the general selection should be limited to rough, drought-tolerant, grass-tolerant (or competitive with weed growth), such as the building, Bupleurum, spearmint, honeysuckle, Vigor, Cassia, etc. In addition, factors such as altitude, orientation, soil moisture, and age of trees must be considered according to local conditions. For example, alpine sunny slopes can be used to breed cold-tolerant Xiyang, such as white peony, Chuanxiong, and licorice; low-yield and sloping land should be suitable for yin and moisture-tolerant houttuynia, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and Pinellia ternata; when the age is small, it can be planted with high requirements for light conditions. Salicin plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza and Spearmint; when the age is large, it is necessary to plant shade plants such as Coptis, Polygonatum, and Gastrodia elata, which are not required for light conditions. In addition, most of them should not be repeated within 3-5 years after the cultivation of the medicine.
2. The content of active ingredients in the product. Variety adaptability can only determine the success of Chinese herbal medicines in the conversion of farmland to forests and the high and low yields. The active ingredient content of the products determines the quality of Chinese herbal medicines (ie whether the Chinese herbal medicines produced are useful). Although some Chinese medicinal materials can be interplanted in the forest, the yield is also good, but the content of active ingredients is very low, or the commercial traits are poor, and it is simply unbearable. Such Chinese medicinal materials cannot be developed blindly. For example, many alpine Chinese herbal medicines should not be planted in low mountains. The simple way to ensure the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is to give priority to the development of “authentic varieties†with local wild resources and high levels of active ingredients in the past. For the introduction of new varieties in the field, it is necessary to test first, confirm its production and content, and then promote it in similar ecological areas.
3. Conform to the policy of returning farmland to forests. The purpose of intercropping of forest medicines is to stabilize the results of returning farmland, to better return farmland to forests, and not to "return the end to the end" or "turn the cart before the horse." Therefore, when considering the intercropping of forest medicines, the first choice should be to harvest the above-ground parts such as stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and to cultivate Chinese herbal medicines that can benefit for many years, such as honeysuckle, rose, medicine chrysanthemum, Vigorous, Cassia, Papaya, etc. Secondly, it can be selected after planting for many years to harvest, or after planting, it is not necessary to plow for years, and the green vegetation on the ground is kept for a long time, such as peony, peony, spearmint, mint, etc. . In short, in the return of farmland to forest land, it is not possible to interplant the Chinese herbal medicines with underground roots and roots in the current year.
4. Highlight key points and unify technical standards. Modern Chinese herbal medicine production must take the road of regionalization, scale, specialization and standardization, and the combination of forest medicine is no exception. All localities should, according to their own resources and environmental conditions, carefully analyze and compare, determine the development priorities according to local conditions, and organize production according to the unified planting management technical standards (“GAPâ€). Only in this way can products be competitive in order to achieve the desired benefits.
5. Fast and effective technical services. In the return of farmland to forest land, most Chinese cadres and farmers lack the skills and experience they deserve. Due to the large difference between the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine technology and the grain production, the development of forest medicine interplanting must establish a corresponding technical service system. First, provide technical guidance from the seed to the collection, and secondly, once problems occur in production, they can be discovered in time. Take timely, fast and effective technical measures. Only in this way can we minimize mistakes and reduce losses.
6, must have good economic benefits. The purpose of intercropping of forest medicines is to increase the income of farmers under the premise of returning forests, so economic benefits must be emphasized. This requires forest medicine interplanting in the selection of medicinal materials, planting layout, cultivation techniques, harvesting and processing, etc., as far as possible to operate according to market requirements, not only to give play to local advantages, but also to focus on market changes; to prevent blind development of the market, It is also necessary to prevent the actual price hikes. Only by taking care of these two points, the combination of forest medicine can achieve long-term development and good benefits.
(Huashan County Agricultural Bureau, Hubei Province, Xiong Fei)
In response to the above problems, on the basis of earnest investigation and research, the county decided to give full play to the local advantages of relying on the “medicine storehouse†of Huazhong, Shennongjia, and the rich resources of various Chinese herbal medicines. The vigorous development is not in violation of the national policy of returning farmland to forests. The technology of “under the forest†is to increase the income of local farmers. In the past few years, it has been proved that the medicines used in returning farmland to forests differ greatly from those in Daejeon. To improve the planting efficiency, we must pay attention to the six major problems.
1. Variety adaptability. First of all, the selected Chinese herbal medicines must be adapted to the local soil and climatic conditions, and suitable for growing in returning farmland to forest land. Since returning farmland to forestland is generally a mountainous slope, most of these cultivated land is thin, fertile, and susceptible to drought and easy grass. Therefore, in the selection of Chinese medicinal materials, the general selection should be limited to rough, drought-tolerant, grass-tolerant (or competitive with weed growth), such as the building, Bupleurum, spearmint, honeysuckle, Vigor, Cassia, etc. In addition, factors such as altitude, orientation, soil moisture, and age of trees must be considered according to local conditions. For example, alpine sunny slopes can be used to breed cold-tolerant Xiyang, such as white peony, Chuanxiong, and licorice; low-yield and sloping land should be suitable for yin and moisture-tolerant houttuynia, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and Pinellia ternata; when the age is small, it can be planted with high requirements for light conditions. Salicin plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza and Spearmint; when the age is large, it is necessary to plant shade plants such as Coptis, Polygonatum, and Gastrodia elata, which are not required for light conditions. In addition, most of them should not be repeated within 3-5 years after the cultivation of the medicine.
2. The content of active ingredients in the product. Variety adaptability can only determine the success of Chinese herbal medicines in the conversion of farmland to forests and the high and low yields. The active ingredient content of the products determines the quality of Chinese herbal medicines (ie whether the Chinese herbal medicines produced are useful). Although some Chinese medicinal materials can be interplanted in the forest, the yield is also good, but the content of active ingredients is very low, or the commercial traits are poor, and it is simply unbearable. Such Chinese medicinal materials cannot be developed blindly. For example, many alpine Chinese herbal medicines should not be planted in low mountains. The simple way to ensure the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is to give priority to the development of “authentic varieties†with local wild resources and high levels of active ingredients in the past. For the introduction of new varieties in the field, it is necessary to test first, confirm its production and content, and then promote it in similar ecological areas.
3. Conform to the policy of returning farmland to forests. The purpose of intercropping of forest medicines is to stabilize the results of returning farmland, to better return farmland to forests, and not to "return the end to the end" or "turn the cart before the horse." Therefore, when considering the intercropping of forest medicines, the first choice should be to harvest the above-ground parts such as stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and to cultivate Chinese herbal medicines that can benefit for many years, such as honeysuckle, rose, medicine chrysanthemum, Vigorous, Cassia, Papaya, etc. Secondly, it can be selected after planting for many years to harvest, or after planting, it is not necessary to plow for years, and the green vegetation on the ground is kept for a long time, such as peony, peony, spearmint, mint, etc. . In short, in the return of farmland to forest land, it is not possible to interplant the Chinese herbal medicines with underground roots and roots in the current year.
4. Highlight key points and unify technical standards. Modern Chinese herbal medicine production must take the road of regionalization, scale, specialization and standardization, and the combination of forest medicine is no exception. All localities should, according to their own resources and environmental conditions, carefully analyze and compare, determine the development priorities according to local conditions, and organize production according to the unified planting management technical standards (“GAPâ€). Only in this way can products be competitive in order to achieve the desired benefits.
5. Fast and effective technical services. In the return of farmland to forest land, most Chinese cadres and farmers lack the skills and experience they deserve. Due to the large difference between the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine technology and the grain production, the development of forest medicine interplanting must establish a corresponding technical service system. First, provide technical guidance from the seed to the collection, and secondly, once problems occur in production, they can be discovered in time. Take timely, fast and effective technical measures. Only in this way can we minimize mistakes and reduce losses.
6, must have good economic benefits. The purpose of intercropping of forest medicines is to increase the income of farmers under the premise of returning forests, so economic benefits must be emphasized. This requires forest medicine interplanting in the selection of medicinal materials, planting layout, cultivation techniques, harvesting and processing, etc., as far as possible to operate according to market requirements, not only to give play to local advantages, but also to focus on market changes; to prevent blind development of the market, It is also necessary to prevent the actual price hikes. Only by taking care of these two points, the combination of forest medicine can achieve long-term development and good benefits.
(Huashan County Agricultural Bureau, Hubei Province, Xiong Fei)
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