Organic fertilizers include all fertilizers that can be used in addition to chemical fertilizers. They are usually based on human and animal waste, crop straw and green manure. Organic fertilizers have comprehensive nutrient and long-lasting balanced fertilizer effects, which can improve soil structure, fertilize soil fertility, and promote the release of soil nutrients, especially for the development of organic agriculture, green agriculture and pollution-free agriculture.
First, human feces and urine, human feces and urine nutrient content is high, storage to prevent leakage, nitrogen, harmless treatment. First of all, the toilet should be renovated. The bottom and the surrounding of the toilet septic tank should be treated with anti-seepage treatment, and the top should be covered with cane. The second is to add soil to protect nitrogen, use fine soil in a ratio of 1:3-4, and store it on site. The third can be used to produce high-temperature compost, which will pile up the excrement and stalks, kill germs, eggs, and fertilize.
Human excrement is suitable for application in leafy vegetables, cereals and fiber crops, and should not be applied on tobacco, potato, sugar beet and other chlorine-repellent crops, and should not be applied on saline-alkali soil.
Second, manure is a mixture of pigs, horses, cattle, sheep and other large livestock excrement and various gasket materials, collectively known as manure. Fresh manure needs to be piled up and cooked for a period of time to be used, suitable for all kinds of soils and crops, and the accumulation process is centered on nitrogen retention. First, it is necessary to time the gasket, in time to circle, the material to choose fine soil or broken firewood, when using soil gasket, the ratio of soil is 1:3-4. Second, when the composted compost is ready for use, it should be compacted and sealed with mud. Third, avoid using alkaline material gaskets such as grass ash to prevent nitrogen volatilization.
The maturity of the manure is taken in the early spring, and the leeward sun is placed in the sunny place to accumulate and mature. It is necessary to dump the manure early and send the manure early, creating conditions for the smashing and sowing, avoiding the dropping of manure and preventing the “fertilization of the manureâ€. The composted manure can be used as seed fertilizer, top dressing and pre-sowing fertilizer; in the sandy soil, the manure with poor degree of decomposing should be used, and the amount of manure should be deeper at each time. Deep application should be carried out on the sticky soil. The manure can be used more at a time, but it should be applied shallowly.
3. Composting and composting is the use of straw, weeds, garbage and other raw materials plus a certain proportion of human excrement, horse manure and soil, and fermented by microorganisms. It is a high quality organic matter. Fertilizer, suitable for a variety of crops and soils.
(1) High-temperature composting technology 1. In the summer, in the leeward direction, the rectangular pit is excavated in the form of a garden. The depth is 100 cm. The size depends on the amount of heap rot material. The soil taken out is made at the side of the pit and is 70 above the ground. 100 cm. At the bottom of the pit, the "Ten" word ventilation groove with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 20 cm is attached to the ground to the ground. And use straw to lay a layer on each side of the vertical and horizontal, keeping the ventilation ditch and the ground space circulation.
2, the ratio of materials piled up. 500 kg of straw, 300 kg of horse dung, 100-200 kg of human waste, 800-1000 kg of water.
3, cut the straw into 5-6 cm long, spread a rectangular pile of 60-70 cm thick, sprinkle all kinds of materials evenly, then pour the water from one side, mix thoroughly, mix the materials Put it in the pit, up to the bandits, and seal it with soil.
4, generally a few days after the heap temperature can reach 70 ° C or more, after the pile temperature drop, break the pile, the material is fully overturned, re-distributed, generally fell 3-4 times, 30 days or so can be cooked.
(2) "301" microbial fast-stacking straw technology "301" microbial agent is a kind of high-temperature fungus with strong saprophytic activity. The organic matter of straw fertilizer is up to 40.5%, and all kinds of nutrients are higher than ordinary compost. A full-effect, high-quality organic fertilizer.
1. Choose the wind from the back to the shade, and dig a pit of 150 cm wide and 20 cm deep. The length of the straw depends on the amount of straw, and the soil excavated is used to repair the soil.
2, material ratio. Add 5 kg of "301" bacteria and 5 kg of urea (or 50-100 kg of fresh human waste) per 1000 kg of straw.
3, cut the straw into 30 cm long section, fully absorb water and build the pile, follow the pile with the step, watering 60 cm high, sprinkle the first layer of bacteria and urea (or human excrement), the amount accounted for 50%, and then When the pile is piled up, the pile height is 120 cm, the water is poured, the remaining bacteria and urea are sprinkled, and when piled up to 150 cm high, the leveling is made.
4, the fertilizer pile with 4-6 cm of thin mud smoothing seal, plus cover the film, 15-20 days to turn around once, pouring enough water seal.
5. After a period of fermentation, take a small amount of fertilizer from the side. If it has been blackened and rotten, it can be applied.
Although organic fertilizer has many advantages, relative to chemical fertilizer, the nutrient content is low, the application amount is large, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow. Therefore, in order to obtain high yield and improve fertilizer efficiency, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must be applied together to complement each other and make it suitable for each other.
First, human feces and urine, human feces and urine nutrient content is high, storage to prevent leakage, nitrogen, harmless treatment. First of all, the toilet should be renovated. The bottom and the surrounding of the toilet septic tank should be treated with anti-seepage treatment, and the top should be covered with cane. The second is to add soil to protect nitrogen, use fine soil in a ratio of 1:3-4, and store it on site. The third can be used to produce high-temperature compost, which will pile up the excrement and stalks, kill germs, eggs, and fertilize.
Human excrement is suitable for application in leafy vegetables, cereals and fiber crops, and should not be applied on tobacco, potato, sugar beet and other chlorine-repellent crops, and should not be applied on saline-alkali soil.
Second, manure is a mixture of pigs, horses, cattle, sheep and other large livestock excrement and various gasket materials, collectively known as manure. Fresh manure needs to be piled up and cooked for a period of time to be used, suitable for all kinds of soils and crops, and the accumulation process is centered on nitrogen retention. First, it is necessary to time the gasket, in time to circle, the material to choose fine soil or broken firewood, when using soil gasket, the ratio of soil is 1:3-4. Second, when the composted compost is ready for use, it should be compacted and sealed with mud. Third, avoid using alkaline material gaskets such as grass ash to prevent nitrogen volatilization.
The maturity of the manure is taken in the early spring, and the leeward sun is placed in the sunny place to accumulate and mature. It is necessary to dump the manure early and send the manure early, creating conditions for the smashing and sowing, avoiding the dropping of manure and preventing the “fertilization of the manureâ€. The composted manure can be used as seed fertilizer, top dressing and pre-sowing fertilizer; in the sandy soil, the manure with poor degree of decomposing should be used, and the amount of manure should be deeper at each time. Deep application should be carried out on the sticky soil. The manure can be used more at a time, but it should be applied shallowly.
3. Composting and composting is the use of straw, weeds, garbage and other raw materials plus a certain proportion of human excrement, horse manure and soil, and fermented by microorganisms. It is a high quality organic matter. Fertilizer, suitable for a variety of crops and soils.
(1) High-temperature composting technology 1. In the summer, in the leeward direction, the rectangular pit is excavated in the form of a garden. The depth is 100 cm. The size depends on the amount of heap rot material. The soil taken out is made at the side of the pit and is 70 above the ground. 100 cm. At the bottom of the pit, the "Ten" word ventilation groove with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 20 cm is attached to the ground to the ground. And use straw to lay a layer on each side of the vertical and horizontal, keeping the ventilation ditch and the ground space circulation.
2, the ratio of materials piled up. 500 kg of straw, 300 kg of horse dung, 100-200 kg of human waste, 800-1000 kg of water.
3, cut the straw into 5-6 cm long, spread a rectangular pile of 60-70 cm thick, sprinkle all kinds of materials evenly, then pour the water from one side, mix thoroughly, mix the materials Put it in the pit, up to the bandits, and seal it with soil.
4, generally a few days after the heap temperature can reach 70 ° C or more, after the pile temperature drop, break the pile, the material is fully overturned, re-distributed, generally fell 3-4 times, 30 days or so can be cooked.
(2) "301" microbial fast-stacking straw technology "301" microbial agent is a kind of high-temperature fungus with strong saprophytic activity. The organic matter of straw fertilizer is up to 40.5%, and all kinds of nutrients are higher than ordinary compost. A full-effect, high-quality organic fertilizer.
1. Choose the wind from the back to the shade, and dig a pit of 150 cm wide and 20 cm deep. The length of the straw depends on the amount of straw, and the soil excavated is used to repair the soil.
2, material ratio. Add 5 kg of "301" bacteria and 5 kg of urea (or 50-100 kg of fresh human waste) per 1000 kg of straw.
3, cut the straw into 30 cm long section, fully absorb water and build the pile, follow the pile with the step, watering 60 cm high, sprinkle the first layer of bacteria and urea (or human excrement), the amount accounted for 50%, and then When the pile is piled up, the pile height is 120 cm, the water is poured, the remaining bacteria and urea are sprinkled, and when piled up to 150 cm high, the leveling is made.
4, the fertilizer pile with 4-6 cm of thin mud smoothing seal, plus cover the film, 15-20 days to turn around once, pouring enough water seal.
5. After a period of fermentation, take a small amount of fertilizer from the side. If it has been blackened and rotten, it can be applied.
Although organic fertilizer has many advantages, relative to chemical fertilizer, the nutrient content is low, the application amount is large, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow. Therefore, in order to obtain high yield and improve fertilizer efficiency, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must be applied together to complement each other and make it suitable for each other.
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