Hydraulic components have advantages such as large power, easy installation, easy control, convenient and comfortable operation, low failure rate, and easy maintenance. They are very suitable for applications with various structural changes and poor working conditions. For decades, hydraulic technology has gained more and more applications not only in agricultural machinery, machine tools, and aerospace equipment, but also formed a huge market. The sales volume of hydraulic components in the world has surpassed 20 billion U.S. dollars, and the output value of the hydraulic industry in China is nearly 8 billion U.S. dollars. Calculated according to its importance, in foreign developed countries, the market share of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery is always in the top 5, and the demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery in China is more than 4 million pieces. In all domestic industries, the quantity is the largest. In the 21st century, the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery has shown a momentum of rapid development. Developed countries in foreign countries have extensively applied high-tech such as electronics, hydraulics, and new materials in modern agricultural equipment to further improve the maneuverability, comfort, convenience, and intelligence of agricultural machinery, protect the agricultural ecological environment, and provide new equipment for precision agriculture. .
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on the development of key technologies for field operations machinery, water-saving equipment, agricultural supporting power and key components, and agricultural transportation, which will mechanize the whole process of rice and corn production. Tackling problems, including tractors, combine harvester power shifting and hydrostatic drive technology, combined harvesting of electromechanical liquid automation monitoring technology and control technology.
From 2005 to 2005, more than 60% of China's important agricultural machinery products reached the international level in the late 1980s. More than 70% of newly developed varieties reached the international level in the 1990s, and the average time between failures of important products such as tractors and combine harvesters approached that of the late 1980s. With the level of the early 1990s, by 2015, the comprehensive technical level of agricultural machinery is basically close to the international level at that time. In this way, the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery has gotten an opportunity.
To sum up, in the new century, China's agricultural machinery industry will have significant progress, and the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery will show strong vitality. It will make important contributions to improving the technological content of agricultural machinery products and narrowing the gap with foreign countries.
China uses hydraulic components, with the largest number, the smallest variety, and the lowest price, and is therefore the industry sector with the greatest potential for development. The so-called largest quantity is the annual demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery more than 4 million, and it is always the first in all domestic industries. The so-called variety is the least. It is the hydraulic components of agricultural machinery that account for less than one-tenth of the domestic hydraulic components. The lowest price means that the price of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery is much lower than the price of industrial hydraulic components, and is even several times lower. Take the pump as an example. Agricultural gear pumps sell for tens of yuan to more than 100 yuan, while industrial gear pumps have four or five hundred yuan, and the price difference is four or five times. The so-called most potential for development means that China's agricultural machinery is the industry that uses the least hydraulic technology. The output value of hydraulic components in foreign advanced countries accounts for 3-4% of the output value of the machinery industry, while China's only 0.8-1%. One of the important factors is that the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery is still far from enough. This is due to the low purchasing power of Chinese farmers, which limits the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. The quality of agricultural machinery adopting hydraulic technology has been improved, and the price has gone up. Farmers find it difficult to accept this, and it is difficult for the quality and technical content of mainframe products to greatly improve. Therefore, the host plant has to reduce the configuration, change the configuration in exchange for the market so that the host product quality and technical content are reduced.
With the reform and development, the purchasing power of farmers has increased, especially the joint harvesters pioneered by our country's peasants, which have promoted the development of agricultural machinery in China, accelerated the pace of agricultural machinery with hydraulic technology, and applied hydraulic technology for more agricultural products to open forward. The door. Therefore, in our country, agricultural machinery has become the most active and most promising area for using hydraulic technology.
1. Overview of the agricultural machinery market China's agricultural machinery market is facing tremendous opportunities and challenges. The degree of agricultural mechanization in China is decades behind that of foreign developed countries. Foreign advanced countries such as the United States in 1940, Britain in 1950, Japan in 1967 achieved agricultural mechanization. The level of agricultural mechanization in China at the end of the 20th century is about 50%. China's agriculture needs various types of agricultural machinery, especially the equipment required for the development of facilities agriculture and precision agriculture, and it is far from meeting the needs. Because of this, China has a huge market for agricultural machinery. At present, China's farmed area is 58%, machine harvested area, wheat is about 30%, rice is 4%, and corn is 1.7%. In 2005, the annual demand for combine harvesters was: 40,000 wheat combine harvesters. There are 25,000 corn combine harvesters, 25,000 rice combine harvesters, and 10,000 harvesters for other economic crops. The total market for combine harvesters is over 10 billion yuan, and about 80,000 large and medium-sized horsepower tractors are so huge. The market has already caused foreign investors to extend their desires. Since the late 1990s, the Japanese rice combine harvester has entered the Chinese market in large quantities. Currently, it sells at a price of 200,000 to 240,000 yuan each year, sells more than 1,200 units a year, and is in short supply. Farmers even hold money to buy. It is not difficult to see that as China joins the WTO, foreign agricultural machinery and agricultural products will accelerate into the Chinese market. China's agricultural machinery is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Only by accelerating the level of agricultural mechanization and improving the quality of agricultural machinery can we consolidate and occupy the Chinese market. Although the purchasing power of farmers in our country is relatively low, farmers have realized that buying farm machinery is not just a production tool to solve food and clothing but an investment behavior that creates more wealth. Moreover, as the government attaches great importance to agriculture, it has created very favorable conditions for the development of agricultural machinery and has also driven the application of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery.
2. The demand for agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology The agricultural machinery itself has various forms, complex structures and poor working conditions. Agricultural machinery has many special requirements for hydraulic components, such as price, high reliability. The demand of agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology mainly includes:
1) Energy-saving technology China's agricultural power has reached 450 million kilowatts. The application of energy-saving technologies can not only optimize the performance of the host and reduce the pollution to the environment, but also reduce the energy consumption by one percentage point, it means saving 4.5 million kilowatts of power, and its huge social and economic benefits attract many scientific and technical personnel to invest huge The energy and intelligence, and made many achievements and progress.
2) The demand for hydrostatic drive technology The hydrostatic drive device can be continuously variable, easy to layout, large specific power, wide speed range, and good low-speed stability. It is particularly suitable for agricultural machinery and road machinery that have a variety of structural shapes and low travel speed. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester has higher working efficiency and less auxiliary working time than the mechanically driven combined harvester, and the working efficiency is increased by 10-30%, and the net harvest rate of the combined harvester is 1-2% higher than the mechanical transmission, and the operation is convenient. , Comfort, reduce labor intensity, easy maintenance, low failure rate, the current domestic mechanical drive combine harvester failure 30% is caused by the gearbox, gearbox vibration, affecting the life of other working parts. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester allows the engine to work under objective conditions, ensuring constant speeds for other components, and has an excellent minimum stable speed for harvesting high yield crops and lodging crops. The more productive the mechanical drive combined with the harvester, the easier it is to clog, and brings farmers not the joy of harvest but the unnecessary mental damage.
3) Non-leakage technology Leakage, noise, these early failures are a chronic problem in the hydraulics industry, but also an important factor limiting the application of hydraulic technology. Currently, leak-free technology in hydraulic technology will be widely used, including: the development of new types of pipe fittings, screw-type cartridge valves. Combination sealing, hydraulic system pollution control technologies, etc., The generalization of these common technologies has played an important role in the improvement of China's agricultural machinery performance.
3. The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery is very broad. The application of agricultural hydraulic components in China should be said to be in the ascendant. With the increase of the purchasing power of farmers in China, farmers are developing from the pursuit of cheaper prices to the pursuit of good performance and comfortable operation. This has created favorable conditions for the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. Because of the application of hydraulic technology, the quality and technical content of China's agricultural machinery will be significantly improved. It will play a fundamental role in narrowing the technological gap with advanced countries and consolidating the occupation of the domestic market. It will also reduce the labor intensity of farmers, improve the quality of life, and increase investment. The income is very significant.
Hydraulic technology will play a role in the following agricultural machinery:
1) New high-powered tractors and their work tools, such as tillage equipment, precision seeders, high-gap tractors and supporting equipment.
2) Agricultural basic construction equipment - water channel doorlaying machinery, gate hoisting and opening, trencher, dredging machine, loader, tractor, and grader.
3) Large-scale plant protection machinery--high-gap wide-rod sprayers, translational sprinklers, etc.
4) High-yield crop cultivation and harvesting machinery - wheat, corn, cotton nesting machinery, rice harvesting machinery, high-speed insertion machine.
5) Agricultural robots, facilities, agricultural robots, manipulators, and automated complete sets of equipment: precision agricultural work tools, intelligent seeders, fertilizer applicators, and plant protection machines.
6) Farming and forestry equipment - drills, forestry tractors, and timber movers.
7) Fishery Machinery--Winnet-making machines and dry ice makers.
8) Agricultural transport machinery - agricultural vehicles with multi-functional operations.
9) Animal husbandry machinery - pasture harvesters, feed granulators, high density balers.
10) Economic crop machinery - cotton pickers, fruit harvesters, potatoes, sweet potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane harvesters, high-gap reed harvesters, peanuts, vegetable oil harvesters with the development of scientific and technological level, in line with China's national conditions of agricultural machinery Will continue to develop, a variety of new products will continue to come out, the application of hydraulic technology will continue to expand. It can be foreseen that the 21st century is an era in which hydraulic technology will shine in agriculture. Every hydraulic technician should use his wisdom and sweat to add luster to this era and make his own contribution to the development of China's agricultural machinery business.
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on the development of key technologies for field operations machinery, water-saving equipment, agricultural supporting power and key components, and agricultural transportation, which will mechanize the whole process of rice and corn production. Tackling problems, including tractors, combine harvester power shifting and hydrostatic drive technology, combined harvesting of electromechanical liquid automation monitoring technology and control technology.
From 2005 to 2005, more than 60% of China's important agricultural machinery products reached the international level in the late 1980s. More than 70% of newly developed varieties reached the international level in the 1990s, and the average time between failures of important products such as tractors and combine harvesters approached that of the late 1980s. With the level of the early 1990s, by 2015, the comprehensive technical level of agricultural machinery is basically close to the international level at that time. In this way, the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery has gotten an opportunity.
To sum up, in the new century, China's agricultural machinery industry will have significant progress, and the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery will show strong vitality. It will make important contributions to improving the technological content of agricultural machinery products and narrowing the gap with foreign countries.
China uses hydraulic components, with the largest number, the smallest variety, and the lowest price, and is therefore the industry sector with the greatest potential for development. The so-called largest quantity is the annual demand for hydraulic components for agricultural machinery more than 4 million, and it is always the first in all domestic industries. The so-called variety is the least. It is the hydraulic components of agricultural machinery that account for less than one-tenth of the domestic hydraulic components. The lowest price means that the price of hydraulic components for agricultural machinery is much lower than the price of industrial hydraulic components, and is even several times lower. Take the pump as an example. Agricultural gear pumps sell for tens of yuan to more than 100 yuan, while industrial gear pumps have four or five hundred yuan, and the price difference is four or five times. The so-called most potential for development means that China's agricultural machinery is the industry that uses the least hydraulic technology. The output value of hydraulic components in foreign advanced countries accounts for 3-4% of the output value of the machinery industry, while China's only 0.8-1%. One of the important factors is that the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery is still far from enough. This is due to the low purchasing power of Chinese farmers, which limits the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. The quality of agricultural machinery adopting hydraulic technology has been improved, and the price has gone up. Farmers find it difficult to accept this, and it is difficult for the quality and technical content of mainframe products to greatly improve. Therefore, the host plant has to reduce the configuration, change the configuration in exchange for the market so that the host product quality and technical content are reduced.
With the reform and development, the purchasing power of farmers has increased, especially the joint harvesters pioneered by our country's peasants, which have promoted the development of agricultural machinery in China, accelerated the pace of agricultural machinery with hydraulic technology, and applied hydraulic technology for more agricultural products to open forward. The door. Therefore, in our country, agricultural machinery has become the most active and most promising area for using hydraulic technology.
1. Overview of the agricultural machinery market China's agricultural machinery market is facing tremendous opportunities and challenges. The degree of agricultural mechanization in China is decades behind that of foreign developed countries. Foreign advanced countries such as the United States in 1940, Britain in 1950, Japan in 1967 achieved agricultural mechanization. The level of agricultural mechanization in China at the end of the 20th century is about 50%. China's agriculture needs various types of agricultural machinery, especially the equipment required for the development of facilities agriculture and precision agriculture, and it is far from meeting the needs. Because of this, China has a huge market for agricultural machinery. At present, China's farmed area is 58%, machine harvested area, wheat is about 30%, rice is 4%, and corn is 1.7%. In 2005, the annual demand for combine harvesters was: 40,000 wheat combine harvesters. There are 25,000 corn combine harvesters, 25,000 rice combine harvesters, and 10,000 harvesters for other economic crops. The total market for combine harvesters is over 10 billion yuan, and about 80,000 large and medium-sized horsepower tractors are so huge. The market has already caused foreign investors to extend their desires. Since the late 1990s, the Japanese rice combine harvester has entered the Chinese market in large quantities. Currently, it sells at a price of 200,000 to 240,000 yuan each year, sells more than 1,200 units a year, and is in short supply. Farmers even hold money to buy. It is not difficult to see that as China joins the WTO, foreign agricultural machinery and agricultural products will accelerate into the Chinese market. China's agricultural machinery is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Only by accelerating the level of agricultural mechanization and improving the quality of agricultural machinery can we consolidate and occupy the Chinese market. Although the purchasing power of farmers in our country is relatively low, farmers have realized that buying farm machinery is not just a production tool to solve food and clothing but an investment behavior that creates more wealth. Moreover, as the government attaches great importance to agriculture, it has created very favorable conditions for the development of agricultural machinery and has also driven the application of hydraulic technology on agricultural machinery.
2. The demand for agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology The agricultural machinery itself has various forms, complex structures and poor working conditions. Agricultural machinery has many special requirements for hydraulic components, such as price, high reliability. The demand of agricultural machinery for hydraulic technology mainly includes:
1) Energy-saving technology China's agricultural power has reached 450 million kilowatts. The application of energy-saving technologies can not only optimize the performance of the host and reduce the pollution to the environment, but also reduce the energy consumption by one percentage point, it means saving 4.5 million kilowatts of power, and its huge social and economic benefits attract many scientific and technical personnel to invest huge The energy and intelligence, and made many achievements and progress.
2) The demand for hydrostatic drive technology The hydrostatic drive device can be continuously variable, easy to layout, large specific power, wide speed range, and good low-speed stability. It is particularly suitable for agricultural machinery and road machinery that have a variety of structural shapes and low travel speed. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester has higher working efficiency and less auxiliary working time than the mechanically driven combined harvester, and the working efficiency is increased by 10-30%, and the net harvest rate of the combined harvester is 1-2% higher than the mechanical transmission, and the operation is convenient. , Comfort, reduce labor intensity, easy maintenance, low failure rate, the current domestic mechanical drive combine harvester failure 30% is caused by the gearbox, gearbox vibration, affecting the life of other working parts. The hydrostatically driven combine harvester allows the engine to work under objective conditions, ensuring constant speeds for other components, and has an excellent minimum stable speed for harvesting high yield crops and lodging crops. The more productive the mechanical drive combined with the harvester, the easier it is to clog, and brings farmers not the joy of harvest but the unnecessary mental damage.
3) Non-leakage technology Leakage, noise, these early failures are a chronic problem in the hydraulics industry, but also an important factor limiting the application of hydraulic technology. Currently, leak-free technology in hydraulic technology will be widely used, including: the development of new types of pipe fittings, screw-type cartridge valves. Combination sealing, hydraulic system pollution control technologies, etc., The generalization of these common technologies has played an important role in the improvement of China's agricultural machinery performance.
3. The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery The application prospect of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery is very broad. The application of agricultural hydraulic components in China should be said to be in the ascendant. With the increase of the purchasing power of farmers in China, farmers are developing from the pursuit of cheaper prices to the pursuit of good performance and comfortable operation. This has created favorable conditions for the application of hydraulic technology to agricultural machinery. Because of the application of hydraulic technology, the quality and technical content of China's agricultural machinery will be significantly improved. It will play a fundamental role in narrowing the technological gap with advanced countries and consolidating the occupation of the domestic market. It will also reduce the labor intensity of farmers, improve the quality of life, and increase investment. The income is very significant.
Hydraulic technology will play a role in the following agricultural machinery:
1) New high-powered tractors and their work tools, such as tillage equipment, precision seeders, high-gap tractors and supporting equipment.
2) Agricultural basic construction equipment - water channel doorlaying machinery, gate hoisting and opening, trencher, dredging machine, loader, tractor, and grader.
3) Large-scale plant protection machinery--high-gap wide-rod sprayers, translational sprinklers, etc.
4) High-yield crop cultivation and harvesting machinery - wheat, corn, cotton nesting machinery, rice harvesting machinery, high-speed insertion machine.
5) Agricultural robots, facilities, agricultural robots, manipulators, and automated complete sets of equipment: precision agricultural work tools, intelligent seeders, fertilizer applicators, and plant protection machines.
6) Farming and forestry equipment - drills, forestry tractors, and timber movers.
7) Fishery Machinery--Winnet-making machines and dry ice makers.
8) Agricultural transport machinery - agricultural vehicles with multi-functional operations.
9) Animal husbandry machinery - pasture harvesters, feed granulators, high density balers.
10) Economic crop machinery - cotton pickers, fruit harvesters, potatoes, sweet potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane harvesters, high-gap reed harvesters, peanuts, vegetable oil harvesters with the development of scientific and technological level, in line with China's national conditions of agricultural machinery Will continue to develop, a variety of new products will continue to come out, the application of hydraulic technology will continue to expand. It can be foreseen that the 21st century is an era in which hydraulic technology will shine in agriculture. Every hydraulic technician should use his wisdom and sweat to add luster to this era and make his own contribution to the development of China's agricultural machinery business.